Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Euarchontoglires
Ordo: Rodentiaa
Subordo: Sciuromorpha
Familia: Sciuridae
Subfamilia: Sciurinae
Tribus: Pteromyini
Genus: Petaurista
Species: P. alborufus - P. elegans - P. leucogenys - P. magnificus - P. nobilis - P. petaurista - P. philippensis - P. xanthotis
Name
Petaurista (Link, 1795)
References
Petaurista in Mammal Species of the World.
Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (Editors) 2005. Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
Vernacular names
English: Giant Flying Squirrels
ไทย: พญากระรอกบิน
Petaurista is a genus of rodent in the family Sciuridae.[1] They are large to very large flying squirrels found in forests and other wooded habitats in southern and eastern Asia.[2]
Like other flying squirrels, they are mostly nocturnal and able to glide (not actually fly like a bat) long distances between trees by spreading out their patagium, skin between their limbs. They feed primarily on plant material, but will also take small animals such as insects.[2]
Taxonomy
Gliding Indian giant flying squirrel (P. philippensis)
The species level taxonomy is very complex and not fully resolved.[3] In 2005, Mammal Species of the World recognised eight species,[4] but later studies have found that some of these were highly polyphyletic,[5][6][7][8] and recent authorities have often recognised some of the most divergent "subspecies" as valid species.[2][3][9] Additionally, three new species were described from northeastern India in 2007–2013, although their validity needs to be confirmed.[10]
Living species
Eight species were recognised in Mammal Species of the World in 2005:[4]
Red and white giant flying squirrel, Petaurista alborufus Milne-Edwards, 1870
Spotted giant flying squirrel, Petaurista elegans Müller, 1840
Japanese giant flying squirrel, Petaurista leucogenys Temminck, 1827
Hodgson's giant flying squirrel, Petaurista magnificus Hodgson, 1836
Bhutan giant flying squirrel, Petaurista nobilis Gray, 1842
Red giant flying squirrel, Petaurista petaurista Pallas, 1766
Indian giant flying squirrel, Petaurista philippensis Elliot, 1839
Chinese giant flying squirrel, Petaurista xanthotis Milne-Edwards, 1872
Seven additional species now often recognised, but traditionally considered subspecies:[3][8]
White-bellied giant flying squirrel, Petaurista albiventer Gray, 1834
Grey-headed giant flying squirrel, Petaurista caniceps Gray, 1842
Formosan giant flying squirrel, Petaurista grandis Swinhoe, 1863
Hainan giant flying squirrel, Petaurista hainana G. Allen, 1925
Taiwan giant flying squirrel, Petaurista lena Thomas, 1907
Spotted giant flying squirrel, Petaurista marica Thomas, 1912
Chindwin giant flying squirrel, Petaurista sybilla Thomas and Wroughton, 1916
Three new species that were described by Anwaruddin Choudhury from Arunachal Pradesh in 2007–2013:[11][12][13]
Mechuka giant flying squirrel, Petaurista mechukaensis Choudhury, 2007
Mishmi giant flying squirrel, Petaurista mishmiensis Choudhury, 2009
Mebo giant flying squirrel, Petaurista siangensis Choudhury, 2013
Extinct species
In addition to the living species, there are a few extinct species that only are known from fossil remains from the Mid and Late Pleistocene in China, the Russian Far East and Germany:[3][14]
†Petaurista brachyodus Young, 1934
†Petaurista helleri Dehm, 1962
†Petaurista tetyukhensis Tiunov & Gimranov, 2019
References
Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
Jackson, S.M. (2012). Gliding Mammals of the World. CSIRO Publishing. pp. 112–135. ISBN 9780643092600.
Jackson, S.M.; R.W. Thorington Jr. (2012). "Gliding Mammals – Taxonomy of Living and Extinct Species". Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 638 (638): 1–117. doi:10.5479/si.00810282.638.1.
Thorington, R.W. Jr; Hoffman, R.S. (2005). "Genus Petaurista". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 754–818. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
Oshida, T.; C.M. Shafique; S. Barkati; Y. Fujita; L.-K. Lin; R. Masuda (2004). "A Preliminary Study on Molecular Phylogeny of Giant Flying Squirrels, Genus Petaurista (Rodentia, Sciuraidae) Based on Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Sequences". Russian Journal of Theriology. 3 (1): 15–24. doi:10.15298/rusjtheriol.03.1.04.
Yu, F.R.; F.H. Yu; J.F. Peng; C.W. Kilpatrick; P.M. McGuire; Y.X. Wang; S.Q. Lu; C.A. Woods (2006). "Phylogeny and biogeography of the Petaurista philippensis complex (Rodentia: Sciuridae), inter- and intraspecific relationships inferred from molecular and morphometric analysis". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 38 (3): 755–766. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.12.002. PMID 16414285.
Oshida, T.; et al. (2010). "Phylogenetics of Petaurista in light of specimens collected from northern Vietnam". Mammal Study. 35: 85–91. doi:10.3106/041.035.0107. S2CID 85670447.
Li, S.; K. He; F.-H. Yu; Q.-S. Yang (2013). "Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeography of Petaurista Inferred from the Cytochrome b Gene, with Implications for the Taxonomic Status of P. caniceps, P. marica and P. sybilla". PLOS ONE. 8 (7): e70461. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070461. PMC 3724786. PMID 23922995.
Francis, C.M. (2019). A Guide to the Mammals of Southeast Asia (2 ed.). New Holland Publishers. pp. 164–167, 362–364. ISBN 978-1-4729-3497-0.
Krishna, M.C.; A. Kumar; O.P. Tripathi; J.L. Koprowski (2016). "Diversity, Distribution and Status of Gliding Squirrels in Protected and Non-protected Areas of the Eastern Himalayas in India". Hystrix: The Italian Journal of Mammalogy. 27 (2): 1–9. doi:10.4404/hystrix-27.2-11688.
Choudhury, A.U. (2007). "A new flying squirrel of the genus Petaurista Link from Arunachal Pradesh in north-east India". Newsletter and Journal of the Rhino Foundation for Nat. In NE India. 7: 26–32.
Choudhury, A.U. (2009). "One more new flying squirrel of the genus Petaurista Link, 1795 from Arunachal Pradesh in northeast India". Newsletter and Journal of the Rhino Foundation for Nat. In NE India. 8: 26–34.
Choudhury, A.U. (2013). "Descriptions of a new species of giant flying squirrel of genus Petaurista Link, 1795 from Siang basin, Arunachal Pradesh in North East India". Newsletter and Journal of the Rhino Foundation for Nat. In NE India. 9: 30–38.
Tiunov, M.P.; D.O. Gimranov (2019). "The first fossil Petaurista (Mammalia: Sciuridae) from the Russian Far East and its paleogeographic significance". Palaeoworld. 29: 176–181. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2019.05.007. hdl:10995/92658.
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