Cisticolidae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Sylvioidea

Familia: Cisticolidae
Subfamiliae: Cisticolinae – Eremomelinae – Neoximinae – Priniinae
Genera: Apalis – Artisornis – Bathmocercus – Calamonastes – Camaroptera – Cisticola – Drymocichla – Eminia – Eremomela – Euryptila – Hypergerus – Incana – Malcorus – Micromacronus – Neomixis – Oreolais – Oreophilais – Orthotomus – Phragmacia – Phyllolais – Poliolais – Prinia – Scepomycter – Schistolais – Spiloptila – Urolais

Genera synonymized: Heliolais – Urorhipis – into Prinia.

Name

Cisticolidae Sundevall, 1872

Typus: Cisticola Kaup, 1829

References
Primary references

Sundevall, C.J. 1872. Methodi naturalis avium disponendarum tentamen. Försök till fogelklassens naturenliga uppställning. Stockholm, Samson & Wallin. pp.[vi] lxix, 187(12) DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.122988 BHL Reference page. p. 6 [as Cisticolinae BHL]

Additional references

Nguembock, B.; Fjeldså, J.; Couloux, A.; Cruaud, C. & Pasquet, E. 2008. Polyphyly of the genus Apalis and a new generic name for the species pulchra and ruwenzorii. Ibis 150: 756-765. DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00852.x Paywall Reference page.
Olsson, U.; Irestedt, M.; Sangster, G.; Ericson, P.G.P; & Alström, P. 2013. Systematic revision of the avian family Cisticolidae based on a multi-locus phylogeny of all genera. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66(3): 790–799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.11.004 Paywall Reference page.

Vernacular names
中文: 扇尾莺科

The family Cisticolidae is a group of about 160 warblers, small passerine birds found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They were formerly included within the Old World warbler family Sylviidae.

This family probably originated in Africa, which has the majority of species, but there are representatives of the family across tropical Asia into Australasia, and one species, the zitting cisticola, breeds in Europe.

These are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub. They are often difficult to see and many species are similar in appearance, so the song is often the best identification guide. These are insectivorous birds which nest low in vegetation.

Taxonomy

The family was introduced (as Cisticolinae) by the Swedish zoologist Carl Jakob Sundevall in 1872.[1][2]

Many taxonomists place the red-winged prinia and the red-fronted prinia in the genus Prinia rather than in their own monotypic genera.[3][4] Support for their placement in Prinia is provided by a molecular phylogentic study of the Cisticolidae published in 2013 that found that both species were closely related to the prinias.[5]
List of genera

The family contains 160 species divided into 26 genera:[6] For more detail, see List of Cisticolidae species.

Neomixis, jeries (3 species) (genus is basal to all other Cisticolidae)[7]
Cisticola, cisticolas (51 species)
Incana – monotypic, Socotra warbler (Incana incanus)
Prinia, prinias (27 species)
Schistolais (2 species)
Phragmacia – monotypic, Namaqua warbler (Phragmacia substriata)
Oreophilais – monotypic, Roberts's warbler (Oreophilais robertsi)

Rufous-eared warbler, Malcorus pectoralis

Micromacronus (2 species)
Urolais – monotypic, green longtail (Urolais epichlora)
Oreolais, (2 species) – moved here from Apalis[8]
Drymocichla – monotypic, red-winged grey warbler (Drymocichla incana)
Spiloptila – monotypic, cricket warbler (Spiloptila clamans)
Phyllolais – monotypic, buff-bellied warbler (Phyllolais pulchella)
Apalis, apalises (24 species)
Malcorus – monotypic, rufous-eared warbler (Malcorus pectoralis)
Hypergerus – monotypic, oriole warbler (Hypergerus atriceps)
Eminia – monotypic, grey-capped warbler (Eminia lepida)
Camaroptera (5 species)
Calamonastes (4 species)
Euryptila – monotypic, cinnamon-breasted warbler (Euryptila subcinnamomea)
Bathmocercus, rufous warblers (2 species)
Scepomycter (2 species) - sometimes merged into Bathmocercus
Orthotomus, tailorbirds (13 species)
Artisornis (3 species)
Poliolais – monotypic, white-tailed warbler (Poliolais lopezi)
Eremomela (11 species)[9]

References

Sundevall, Carl Jakob (1872). Methodi naturalis avium disponendarum tentamen. Försök till fogelklassens naturenliga uppställnung (in Latin and Swedish). Stockholm: Samson & Wallin. p. 6.
Bock, Walter J. (1994). History and Nomenclature of Avian Family-Group Names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Vol. Number 222. New York: American Museum of Natural History. pp. 152, 261.
Ryan, P.; Dean, R. (2017). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Red-winged Prinia (Prinia erythroptera)". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
Ryan, P.; Dean, R. (2017). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Red-fronted Prinia (Prinia rufifrons)". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
Olsson, U.; Irestedt, M.; Sangster, G.; Ericson, P.G.P.; Alström, P. (2013). "Systematic revision of the avian family Cisticolidae based on a multi-locus phylogeny of all genera". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 66 (3): 790–9. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.11.004. PMID 23159891.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2017). "Grassbirds, Donacobius, Malagasy warblers, cisticolas & allies". World Bird List Version 7.3. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
Nguembock, B.; Fjeldså, J.; Tillier, A.; Pasquet, E. (2007). "A phylogeny for the Cisticolidae (Aves: Passeriformes) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data, and a re-interpretation of an [sic] unique nest-building specialization". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 42 (1): 272–286. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.07.008. PMID 16949311.
Nguembock, B.; Fjeldså, J.; Couloux, A.; Cruaud, C.; Pasquet, E. (2008). "Polyphyly of the genus Apalis and a new generic name for the species pulchra and ruwenzorii". Ibis. 150 (4): 756–765. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00852.x.

Johansson, US; Fjeldså, J; Bowie, RC (September 2008). "Phylogenetic relationships within Passerida (Aves: Passeriformes): a review and a new molecular phylogeny based on three nuclear intron markers". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 48: 858–76. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.05.029. PMID 18619860.