Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Subsectio: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Infraclassis: Aves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Sylvioidea
Familia: Cisticolidae
Genus: Prinia
Species: P. atrogularis - P. bairdii - P. buchanani - P. cinereocapilla - P. crinigera - P. familiaris - P. flavicans - P. flaviventris - P. fluviatilis - P. gracilis - P. hodgsonii - P. hypoxantha - P. inornata - P. leontica - P. leucopogon - P. maculosa - P. melanops - P. molleri - P. polychroa - P. rufescens - P. socialis - P. somalica - P. subflava - P. sylvatica
Name
Prinia Horsfield, 1821
References
Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (1) 13 p. 165
Vernacular names
English: Wren-warbler
suomi: Priiniat
Bahasa Indonesia: Perenjak
Prinia is a genus of small insectivorous birds belonging to the passerine bird family Cisticolidae. They were at one time classed in the Old World warbler family, Sylviidae.
The prinias are sometimes referred to as wren-warblers. They are a little-known group of the tropical and subtropical Old World, the roughly thirty species being divided fairly equally between Africa and Asia.
These are birds mainly of open habitats such as long grass or scrub, in which they are not easily seen. They are mainly resident, migration being limited to local cold weather movements. Non-breeding birds may form small flocks.
Prinias have short wings but long tapering tails. They are fairly drab birds, brown or grey above (sometimes with dark streaks) and whitish below. Some species have different breeding and non-breeding plumages. The bill is a typical insectivore's, thin and slightly curved.
Taxonomy
The genus was erected by the American naturalist Thomas Horsfield in 1821. The type species is the bar-winged prinia (Prinia familiaris).[1][2] The name of the genus is derived from the Javanese prinya, the local name for the bar-winged prinia.[3]
A molecular phylogenetic study of the Cisticolidae published in 2013 found that the rufous-vented grass babbler did not lie within the clade containing the other prinias.[4] Based on this analysis the rufous-vented prinia and the closely related swamp grass babbler were moved to the reinstated genus Laticilla in the family Pellorneidae.[5]
Species
The genus contains 29 species:[5]
Himalayan prinia, Prinia crinigera – formerly striated prinia
Striped prinia, Prinia striata – split from P. crinigera
Brown prinia, Prinia polychroa
Burmese prinia, Prinia cooki – split from P. polychroa
Annam prinia, Prinia rocki – split from P. polychroa
Black-throated prinia, Prinia atrogularis
Hill prinia, Prinia superciliaris
Grey-crowned prinia, Prinia cinereocapilla
Rufous-fronted prinia, Prinia buchanani
Rufescent prinia, Prinia rufescens
Grey-breasted prinia, Prinia hodgsonii
Graceful prinia, Prinia gracilis
Delicate prinia, Prinia lepida
Jungle prinia, Prinia sylvatica
Bar-winged prinia, Prinia familiaris
Yellow-bellied prinia, Prinia flaviventris
Ashy prinia, Prinia socialis
Tawny-flanked prinia, Prinia subflava
Plain prinia, Prinia inornata
Pale prinia, Prinia somalica
River prinia, Prinia fluviatilis
Black-chested prinia, Prinia flavicans
Karoo prinia, Prinia maculosa
Drakensberg prinia, Prinia hypoxantha
São Tomé prinia, Prinia molleri
Banded prinia, Prinia bairdii
Black-faced prinia, Prinia melanops – usually considered as a subspecies of P. bairdii
Red-winged prinia, Prinia erythroptera
Red-fronted prinia, Prinia rufifrons
Species formerly in Prinia but now moved to Laticilla in family Pellorneidae:[4]
Rufous-vented grass babbler, Laticilla burnesii
Swamp grass babbler, Laticilla cinerascens
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prinia.
Wikispecies has information related to Prinia.
Horsfield, Thomas (1821). "Systematic arrangement and description of birds from the Island of Java". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 13: 133–200 [165]. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1821.tb00061.x. Title page dated 1822
Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1986). Check-list of Birds of the World. Volume 11. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 128.
Jobling, James A. (1991). A Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 189. ISBN 0-19-854634-3.
Olsson, U.; Irestedt, M.; Sangster, G.; Ericson, P.G.P.; Alström, P. (2013). "Systematic revision of the avian family Cisticolidae based on a multi-locus phylogeny of all genera". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 66 (3): 790–799. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.11.004. PMID 23159891.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2021). "Monarchs". IOC World Bird List Version 11.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
Nguembock B.; Fjeldsa J.; Tillier A.; Pasquet E. (2007): A phylogeny for the Cisticolidae (Aves: Passeriformes) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data, and a re-interpretation of a unique nest-building specialization. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 42: 272–286.
Ryan, Peter (2006). Family Cisticolidae (Cisticolas and allies). pp. 378–492 in del Hoyo J., Elliott A. & Christie D.A. (2006) Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 11. Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers Lynx Edicions, Barcelona ISBN 978-84-96553-06-4
Urban, E.K.; Fry, C.H. & Keith, S. (1997) The Birds of Africa, vol. 5. Academic Press, London. ISBN 0-12-137305-3
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