Prinia gracilis (Information about this image)
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Sylvioidea
Familia: Cisticolidae
Genus: Prinia
Species: Prinia gracilis
Subspecies: P. g. ashi – P. g. deltae – P. g. gracilis – P. g. hufufae – P. g. natronensis – P. g. palaestinae – P. g. yemenensis –
Synonyms: P. g. carlo – included in nominal.
Name
Prinia gracilis (Lichtenstein, 1823)
Synonyms
Sylvia gracilis (protonym)
References
Primary references
Lichtenstein, M.H.C. 1823. Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen. 118 pp. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss./ T. Trautwein, Berlin. p. 34 no.388 BHL DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.40281 Reference page.
Additional references
Alström, P., Rasmussen, P.C., Xia, C., Zhang, L., Liu, C., Magnusson, J., Shafaeiopur, A. & Olsson, U. 2021. Morphology, vocalizations, and mitochondrial DNA suggest that the Graceful Prinia is two species. Ornithology 138(2): ukab014 DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukab014 Open access Reference page.
Vernacular names
English: Graceful prinia
suomi: Priinia
The graceful prinia (Prinia gracilis) is a small warbler (in some older works it is referred to as graceful warbler). This prinia is a resident breeder in northeastern Africa (the Nile valley in particular) and southern Asia, from Egypt and Somalia east to Saudi Arabia, where it is sometimes called streaked wren-warbler.[2]
This active passerine bird is typically found in shrub or tall grass in a variety of habitats with thick undergrowth, tamarisks or similar cover. Graceful prinia builds its nest in a bush or grass and lays 3 to 5 eggs.
These 10–11 cm long warblers have short rounded wings, and a long tapering tail with each feather tipped with black and white. In breeding plumage, adults are grey-brown above, with dark streaking. The underparts are whitish with buff flanks, and the bill is short and black.
The sexes are similar. In winter, adults are brighter sandy brown above with weaker streaking, there is more buff on the sides, and the bill is paler.
There are 7 subspecies.
The long tail is often cocked, and the flight of this species is weak. Like most warblers, the graceful prinia is insectivorous. The call is a rolling trilled breep, and the song is a hard rolling repetition of zerlip.
Taxonomy
A study published in 2021[3] concludes that the graceful prinia should be split from the delicate prinia.
Prinia gracilis, graceful prinia, 7 subspecies:
Prinia gracilis gracilis, River Nile from Egypt to southern Sudan,
Prinia gracilis deltae, River Nile delta to western Israel,
Prinia gracilis palaestinae, Lebanon to northwestern Saudi Arabia,
Prinia gracilis natronensis, Wadi Natron, northern Egypt,
Prinia gracilis carlo, Red Sea coast from northeastern Sudan to Somalia,
Prinia gracilis yemenensis, western Saudi Arabia, Yemen, southern Oman,
Prinia gracilis hufufae, Bahrain, northeastern Saudi Arabia;
The International Ornithological Congress followed this change in an update later that year.[4]
References
BirdLife International (2019). "Prinia gracilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T22713590A155532194. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22713590A155532194.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
Ali, Salim; J C Daniel (1983). The book of Indian Birds, Twelfth Centenary edition. New Delhi: Bombay Natural History Society/Oxford University Press.
Alström et al. Ornithology 138, 1-23, DOI:10.1093/ornitholgy/ukab014
"Species Updates – IOC World Bird List". Retrieved 2021-06-18.
Other References
Warblers of Europe, Asia and North Africa by Baker, ISBN 0-7136-3971-7
Birds of India by Grimmett, Inskipp and Inskipp, ISBN 0-691-04910-6
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