Valeriana

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Dipsacales

Familia: Caprifoliaceae
Subfamilia: Valerianoideae
Genus: Valeriana
Sectiones: V. sect. Alliariifoliae – V. sect. Amplophus – V. sect. Astrephia – V. sect. Belonanthus – V. sect. Bracteata – V. sect. Porteria – V. sect. Sorbifoliae – V. sect. Stangea – V. sect. Valeriana – V. sect. Valerianopsis

Species: V. acutiloba – V. adscendens – V. aequiloba – V. agrimoniifolia – V. ajanensis – V. albonervata – V. alliariifolia – V. alpestris – V. altaica – V. altoandina – V. alypifolia – V. amurensis – V. apiifolia – V. apula – V. arborea – V. aretiastra – V. aretioides – V. arizonica – V. armena – V. asarifolia – V. aschersoniana – V. aspleniifolia – V. asterothrix – V. atacamensis – V. baltana – V. bambusicaulis – V. barbareifolia – V. barbulata – V. beamanii – V. belonantha – V. bertiscea – V. boelckii – V. boliviana – V. bolkarica – V. bornmuelleri – V. borsinii – V. bracteata – V. bracteosa – V. bractescens – V. bridgesii – V. bryophila – V. buxifolia – V. calchaquina – V. calcicola – V. californica – V. calvescens – V. candolleana – V. capensis – V. capitata – V. cardamines – V. carnosa – V. castellanosii – V. catharinensis – V. celtica – V. cephalantha – V. ceratophylla – V. cernua – V. cerosifolia – V. chaerophylloides – V. chamaedryfolia – V. chiapensis – V. chilensis – V. chionophila – V. ciliosa – V. clarionifolia – V. clarkei – V. clematitis – V. coarctata – V. colchica – V. coleophylla – V. columbiana – V. comosa – V. condamoana – V. congesta – V. connata – V. convallarioides – V. corymbulosa – V. corynodes – V. costata – V. crassifolia – V. crinii – V. crispa – V. cuatrecasasii – V. cucurbitifolia – V. cumbemayensis – V. dageletiana – V. daghestanica – V. daphniflora – V. decussata – V. deltoidea – V. densa – V. densiflora – V. descolei – V. dinorrhiza – V. dioica – V. dioscoridis – V. dipsacoides – V. domingensis – V. dorotheae – V. dubia – V. edulis – V. effusa – V. eichleriana – V. elongata – V. emmanuelii – V. engleriana – V. erikae – V. eriophylla – V. estonica – V. eupatoria – V. excelsa – V. fedtschenkoi – V. ferax – V. ficariifolia – V. flaccidissima – V. flagellifera – V. fonckii – V. fragilis – V. gaimanensis – V. gallinae – V. gilgiana – V. glaziovii – V. glechomifolia – V. globiflora – V. globularioides – V. globularis – V. gracilipes – V. granataea – V. grandifolia – V. grisiana – V. grossheimii – V. hadros – V. hardwickei – V. hebecarpa – V. hengduanensis – V. henrici – V. herrerae – V. hiemalis – V. himachalensis – V. hirtella – V. hirticalyx – V. hispidula – V. hornschuchiana – V. hsui – V. humahuacensis – V. humboldtii – V. hunzikeri – V. hyalinorrhiza – V. iganciana – V. imbricata – V. interrupta – V. isoetifolia – V. jaeschkei – V. jasminoides – V. jatamansi – V. jelenevskyi – V. johannae – V. kamelinii – V. karstenii – V. kassarica – V. kawakamii – V. kilimandscharica – V. kryloviana – V. kurtziana – V. laciniosa – V. lancifolia – V. lapathifolia – V. lasiocarpa – V. laurifolia – V. laxiflora – V. laxissima – V. ledoides – V. lepidota – V. leptothyrsa – V. leschenaultii – V. leucocarpa – V. leucophaea – V. longiflora – V. longitubulosa – V. macbridei – V. macrocera – V. macrorhiza – V. maipoana – V. malvacea – V. mandoniana – V. mandonii – V. mapirensis – V. martjanovii – V. meonantha – V. merxmuelleri – V. microphylla – V. micropterina – V. minutiflora – V. montana – V. moonii – V. moorei – V. moyanoi – V. muelleri – V. munozii – V. mussooriensis – V. naidae – V. neglecta – V. nelsonii – V. nigricans – V. niphobia – V. nivalis – V. oaxacana – V. obtusifolia – V. occidentalis – – V. olenaea – V. oligantha – V. organensis – V. otomiana – V. palmeri – V. paniculata – V. papilla – V. pardoana – V. parviflora – V. parvula – V. pauciflora – V. paucijuga – V. paulae – V. peltata – V. pennellii – V. petersenii – V. petrophila – V. philippiana – V. phu – V. phylicoides – V. pilosa – V. pilosiuscula – V. pinnatifida – V. plectritoides – V. polemoniifolia – V. polybotrya – V. polyclada – V. polystachya – V. potopensis – V. pratensis – V. prionophylla – V. protenta – V. psychrophila – V. pulchella – V. pulvinata – V. punctata – V. pycnantha – V. pyramidalis – V. pyrenaica – V. pyricarpa – V. pyrolifolia – V. quadrangularis – V. quindiensis – V. quirorana – V. radicalis – V. radicata – V. reitziana – V. renifolia – V. reverdattoana – V. rhizantha – V. rigida – V. robertianifolia – V. rosaliana – V. rossica – V. roylei – V. rufescens – V. ruizlealii – V. rumicoides – V. rusbyi – V. rzedowskiorum – V. salicariifolia – V. saliunca – V. samolifolia – V. saxatilis – V. saxicola – V. scandens – V. schachristanica – V. scouleri – V. secunda – V. sedifolia – V. selerorum – V. senecioides – V. serrata – V. serratifolia – V. sichuanica – V. simplicifolia – V. sisymbriifolia – V. sitchensis – V. smithii – V. sorbifolia – V. speluncaria – V. sphaerocarpa – V. spicata – V. supina – V. szovitsiana – V. tachirensis – V. tafiensis – V. tajuvensis – V. tanacetifolia – V. tangutica – V. tatamana – V. tessendorffiana – V. texana – V. theodorici – V. tiliifolia – V. tomentosa – V. transjenisensis – V. transjenisensis – V. trichomanes – V. trichostoma – V. trinervis – V. triphylla – V. triplaris – V. triplinervis – V. tripteris – V. tuberculata – V. tuberifera – V. tuberosa – V. tucumana – V. tunuyanense – V. turgida – V. turkestanica – V. tzotziliana – V. tachirensis – V. ulei – V. uliginosa – V. umbilicata – V. uncinata – V. urbani – V. urticifolia – V. vaga – V. vaginata – V. valdiviana – V. velutina – V. venezuelana – V. verrucosa – V. verticillata – V. vesicaria – V. vetasana – V. vilcabambensis – V. virescens – V. virgata – V. volkensii – V. wandae – V. warburgii – V. weberbaueri – V. weddelliana – V. wolgensis – V. woodsiana – V. zamoranensis – V. zapotecanaV. officinalis

Source(s) of checklist:

Hassler, M. 2019. Valeriana. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Aug. 27. Reference page.

Name

Valeriana L., 1753.

Type species: V. officinalis
L.

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Aligera Suksd.
Amblyorhinum Turcz.
Aretiastrum Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 10: 304. 1841.
Astrephia Dufr., Hist. Valer. 50. 1811.
Belonanthus Graebn., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 447. 1906.
Fuisa Raf.
Hemesotria Raf.
Monastes Raf.
Oligacoce Willd. ex DC.
Phu Ludw.
Phuodendron Graebn., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 436. 1899.
Phyllactis Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 39. 1805.
Plectritis (Lindl.) DC., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 631. (1830)
Rittera Raf.
Saliunca Raf.
Stangea Graebn., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 448. 1906.
Valerianopsis C.A.Müll.

Notes

Phyllactis Steud. (1840, orth. var.) = Philactis Schrad.
Govaerts et al., (2019) show a much wider species circumscription and increased synonymy based upon Christenhusz et al., (2018). However, as this has not gained wide acceptance then WS has to take a conservative approach, as it can not take sides on taxonomic opinion - see Valerianoideae taxon page.

References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 31. Reference page.

Additional references

Christenhusz, M.J.M., Fay, M.F. & Byng, J.W. (eds). 2018. The Global Flora, Vol. 4: Special Edition, GLOVAP Nomenclature Part 1. Plant Gateway Ltd., Bradford. ISBN 978-0-9929993-9-1 PDF Reference page.

Links

Farr, E. R. & Zijlstra, G. eds. (1996-) Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). 2010 July 30 [1].
Hassler, M. 2019. Valeriana. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Aug. 27. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Valeriana in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Aug. 27. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Valeriana. Published online. Accessed: Aug. 27 2019.
Tropicos.org 2019. Valeriana. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Aug. 27.

Vernacular names
العربية: ناردين مخزني
azərbaycanca: Pişikotu
башҡортса: Валериан
беларуская: Валяр'ян
čeština: kozlík
dansk: Baldrian
Deutsch: Baldriane
English: Valerian
Esperanto: Valeriano
eesti: Palderjan
فارسی: سنبل‌کوهیان
suomi: Virmajuuret
français: Valériane
hornjoserbsce: Bałdrijan
magyar: Macskagyökér
հայերեն: Կատվախոտ
日本語: カノコソウ属
ქართული: კატაბალახა
қазақша: Валериана
한국어: 쥐오줌풀속
lietuvių: Valerijonas
Nederlands: Valeriaan
norsk: Vendelrotslekta
Ирон: Цъамалæг
polski: Kozłek
русский: Валериана
slovenčina: valeriána
svenska: Vänderotssläktet
удмурт: Бадьян
Tiếng Việt: Chi Nữ lang
中文: 缬草属

Valeriana is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caprifoliaceae,[1] members of which may by commonly known as valerians. It contains many species, including the garden valerian, Valeriana officinalis. Some species are native to Europe, others to North America and South America (especially in the Andes).

Fossil record

Fossil seeds of Valeriana sp, among them †Valeriana pliocenica, have been recovered from Late Miocene deposits of southern Ukraine, from Pliocene deposits of south-eastern Belarus and Bashkortostan in central Russia. The fossil seeds are most similar to the extant European Valeriana simplicifolia.[2]

Species

As of December 2020, Plants of the World Online accepts over 420 species and hybrids, including:[1]

Valeriana alypifolia
Valeriana aretioides
Valeriana asterothrix
Valeriana bertiscea
Valeriana buxifolia
Valeriana californica
Valeriana celtica (Alpine valerian or valerian spikenard)
Valeriana cernua
Valeriana coleophylla
Valeriana dioica (marsh valerian)
Valeriana edulis
Valeriana fauriei (Korean valerian[3])
Valeriana montana
Valeriana occidentalis
Valeriana officinalis (garden valerian)
Valeriana pauciflora
Valeriana pyrenaica (Pyrenean valerian)
Valeriana secunda
Valeriana sitchensis (Sitka valerian)
Valeriana uliginosa

Gallery

Valeriana officinalis

V. montana

References

"Valeriana L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2020-12-28.
The Pliocene flora of Kholmech, south-eastern Belarus and its correlation with other Pliocene floras of Europe by Felix Yu. VELICHKEVICH and Ewa ZASTAWNIAK - Acta Palaeobot. 43(2): 137–259, 2003
English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 668. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 24 December 2016 – via Korea Forest Service.