Asterids

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Ordines: Cornales – Ericales
Cladi: Euasterids I – Euasterids II
Genera familia incertae sedis senso APG (2016): Atrichodendron – Coptocheile – Gumillea – Hirania – Keithia – Poilanedora – Rumphia

Name

Asterids
References

Olmstead, R.G., Michaels, H., Scott, K.M. & Palmer, J.D. 1992. Monophyly of the Asteridae and identification of their major lineages inferred from DNA sequences of rbcL. Annals of the Missouri Botanic Gardens 79: 249–265.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2003. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141(4): 399–436. DOI: 10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x Open access Reference page.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2009. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161(2): 105–121. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x Open access Reference page.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2016. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181(1): 1–20. DOI: 10.1111/boj.12385 Reference page.
Stevens, P.F. 2001 onwards. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 [and more or less continuously updated since]. Online. Reference page.
Asterids – Taxon details on National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). (Following APG classification)

Vernacular names
Afrikaans: Asterids
български: Астериди
català: Astèrida
Cymraeg: Asterid
Deutsch: Asteriden
English: Asterids
Esperanto: Asteridoj
español: Astéridas
فارسی: آستریدها
suomi: Asteridit
français: Astéridées
हिन्दी: ऐस्टरिड
italiano: Asteridi
日本語: キク類
қазақша: Астеридтер
한국어: 국화군
македонски: Астериди
മലയാളം: ആസ്റ്റെറൈഡ്സ്
norsk nynorsk: Asteridar
occitan: Asteridèas
polski: Astrowe
português: Asterídeas
Scots: Asterids
srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски: Asteridi
slovenčina: asteridy
ไทย: แอสเทอริด
Tagalog: Asterids
українська: Айстериди
Tiếng Việt: Nhánh Cúc
中文: 菊类植物

In the APG IV system (2016) for the classification of flowering plants, the name asterids denotes a clade (a monophyletic group). Asterids is the largest group of flowering plant with more than 80,000 species, about a third of the total flowering plant species[1].[2] Well known plants in this clade include the common daisy, forget-me-nots, nightshades (including potatoes, eggplants, tomatoes, peppers and tobacco), the common sunflower, petunias, yacon, morning glory, sweet potato, coffee, lavender, lilac, olive, jasmine, honeysuckle, ash tree, teak, snapdragon, sesame, psyllium, garden sage, table herbs such as mint, basil, and rosemary, and rainforest trees such as Brazil nut.

Most of the taxa belonging to this clade had been referred to the Asteridae in the Cronquist system (1981) and to the Sympetalae in earlier systems. The name asterids (not necessarily capitalised) resembles the earlier botanical name but is intended to be the name of a clade rather than a formal ranked name, in the sense of the ICBN.

History

Genetic analysis carried out after APG II maintains that the sister to all other asterids are the Cornales. A second order that split from the base of the asterids are the Ericales. The remaining orders cluster into two clades, the lamiids and the campanulids. The structure of both of these clades has changed in APG III.[3][4]

In the APG III system, the following clades were renamed:

euasterids I → lamiids
euasterids II → campanulids[3][4]

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic tree presented hereinafter has been proposed by the APG IV project.[2]

asterids	Cornales        Ericales   euasterids campanulids   Aquifoliales       Asterales     Escalloniales       Bruniales       Apiales       Dipsacales     Paracryphiales             lamiids   Icacinales       Metteniusales       Garryales       Boraginales     Gentianales     Vahliales     Lamiales     Solanales

 
 
Subdivision

lamiids

The lamiid subclade consists of about 40,000 species and account for about 15% of angiosperm diversity, characterized in general by superior ovaries and corollas with any fusion of the petals (sympetaly) occurring late in the process of development. The major part of lamiid diversity occurs in the group of five orders from Boraginales to Solanales, referred to informally as "core lamiids" (sometimes called Laminae), although Vahliales consists of the single small genus Vahlia. The remainder of the lamiids are referred to as "basal lamiids", in which Garryales is the sister group to the core lamiids. It has been suggested that the core lamiids radiated from an ancestral line of tropical trees in which the flowers were inconspicuous and the fruit large, drupaceous and often single-seeded.[5]

References

Bremer, Kåre; Friis, elsemarie; Bremer, birgitta (1 June 2004). "Molecular Phylogenetic Dating of Asterid Flowering Plants Shows Early Cretaceous Diversification". Systematic Biology. 53 (3): 496–505. doi:10.1080/10635150490445913. PMID 15503676.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 141 (4): 399–436. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.

Stull et al 2015.

Bibliography

Stull, Gregory W.; Duno de Stefano, Rodrigo; Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S. (November 2015). "Resolving basal lamiid phylogeny and the circumscription of Icacinaceae with a plastome-scale data set". American Journal of Botany. 102 (11): 1794–1813. doi:10.3732/ajb.1500298. PMID 26507112.