Caprifoliaceae

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Dipsacales

Familia: Caprifoliaceae
Subfamiliae: Caprifolioideae – Diervilloideae – Dipsacoideae – Linnaeoideae – Morinoideae – Valerianoideae
Genera: Abelia – Acanthocalyx – Aretiastrum – Astrephia – Bassecoia – Belonanthus – Centranthus – Cephalaria – Diabelia – Diervilla – Dipelta – Dipsacus – Ebulum – Fedia – Heptacodium – Knautia – Kolkwitzia – Leycesteria – Linnaea – Lomelosia – Lonicera – Metalonicera – Morina – Nardostachys – Patrinia – Phenianthus – Phyllactis – Plectritis – Pseudobetckea – Pterocephalidium – Pterocephalodes – Pterocephalus – Pterothamnus – Pycnocomon – Scabiosa – Simenia – Sixalix – Spongostemma – Succisa – Succisella – Symphoricarpos – Triosteum – Triplostegia – Valeriana – Valerianella – Vesalea – Weigela – Xylosteon – Zabelia

Name

Caprifoliaceae Juss., Gen. Pl.: 210 (1789), nom. cons.

Type genus: Lonicera L., Sp. Pl. 1: 173 (1753).

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Dipsacaceae Juss., Gen. Pl. 194 (1789), nom. cons.
Type genus: Dipsacus L.
Scabiosaceae Martinov, Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 563 (1820).
Type genus: Scabiosa L.

References
Primary references

Jussieu, A.L. de 1789. Genera plantarum, secundum ordines naturales disposita juxta methodum in Horto Regio Parisiensi exaratam. 498 pp. Paris: Herissant et Theophile Barrois. BHL Reference page.

Additional references

Christenhusz, M.J.M. 2013. Twins are not alone: a recircumscription of Linnaea (Caprifoliaceae). Phytotaxa 125(1): 25–32. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.125.1.4 PDF Reference page.
Jacobs, B., Geuten, K., Pyck, N., Huysmans, S., Jansen, S. & Smets, E. 2011. Unraveling the phylogeny of Heptacodium and Zabelia (Caprifoliaceae): an interdisciplinary approach. Systematic Botany 36(1): 231–252. DOI: 10.1600/036364411X553306 Reference page.
Landrein, S. 2010. Diabelia, a new genus of tribe Linnaeeae subtribe Linnaeinae (Caprifoliaceae). Phytotaxa 3: 34–38. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.3.1.4 Paywall ResearchGate Reference page.
Landrein, S. & Prenner, G. 2013. Unequal twins? Inflorescence evolution in the twinflower tribe Linnaeeae (Caprifoliaceae sl). International Journal of Plant Sciences 174(2): 200–233. DOI: 10.1086/668251 ResearchGate Reference page.
Mayer, V. & Ehrendorfer, F. 2013. The phylogenetic position of Pterocephalidium and the new African genus Pterothamnus within an improved classification of Dipsacaceae. Taxon 62(1): 112–126. DOI: 10.1002/tax.621010 JSTOR ResearchGate Reference page.
Wang, H.-F., Landrein, S., Dong, W.-P., Nie, Z.-L., Kondo, K., Funamoto, T., Wen, J. & Zhou, S.-L. 2015. Molecular phylogeny and biogeographic diversification of Linnaeoideae (Caprifoliaceae s.l.) disjunctly distributed in Eurasia, North America and Mexico. PLoS ONE 10(3, e0116485): 1–26. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116485 Open access Reference page.

Links

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2016. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181(1): 1–20. DOI: 10.1111/boj.12385 Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Caprifoliaceae in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 Oct. 16. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2019. Caprifoliaceae. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Aug. 16. Reference page.
Stevens, P.F. 2001 onwards. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 [and more or less continuously updated since]. Online. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2014. Caprifoliaceae. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2014 Feb. 1.

Vernacular names
العربية: خمانية
asturianu: Caprifoliacees
azərbaycanca: Doqquzdonkimilər
беларуская: Бружмелевыя
български: Бъзови
català: Caprifoliàcies
čeština: Zimolezovité
dansk: Gedeblad-familien
Deutsch: Geißblattgewächse
English: Honeysuckle Family
Esperanto: Kaprifoliacoj
español: Familia de las Madreselvas
eesti: Kuslapuulised
فارسی: آقطیان
suomi: Kuusamakasvit
Nordfriisk: Siigbleedplaanten
français: Caprifoliacées
galego: Caprifoliáceas
עברית: יערתיים
hrvatski: Kozokrvnice
hornjoserbsce: Kozylistowe rostliny
magyar: Loncfélék
հայերեն: Այծատերևազգիներ
日本語: スイカズラ科
ქართული: ცხრატყავასებრნი
қазақша: Ұшқаттар тұқымдасы
한국어: 인동과
kurdî: Famîleya gulehingivînan
lietuvių: Sausmediniai
latviešu: Kaprifoliju dzimta
македонски: Анамски раце
മലയാളം: കാപ്രിഫോളിയെസീ
Nederlands: Kamperfoeliefamilie
norsk nynorsk: Kaprifolfamilien
norsk: Kaprifolfamilien
polski: Przewiertniowate
русский: Жимолостные
srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски: Kozokrvnice
slovenčina: zemolezovité
svenska: Kaprifolväxter
ไทย: วงศ์สายน้ำผึ้ง
Türkçe: Hanımeligiller
українська: Жимолостеві
oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча: Shilvidoshlar
Tiếng Việt: Họ Kim ngân
West-Vlams: Kamperfoelieachtign
中文: 忍冬科

The Caprifoliaceae or honeysuckle family is a clade of dicotyledonous flowering plants consisting of about 860 species[2] in 42 genera, with a nearly cosmopolitan distribution. Centres of diversity are found in eastern North America and eastern Asia, while they are absent in tropical and southern Africa.

Description

The flowering plants in this clade are mostly shrubs and vines: rarely herbs. They include some ornamental garden plants grown in temperate regions. The leaves are mostly opposite with no stipules (appendages at the base of a leafstalk or petiole), and may be either evergreen or deciduous. The flowers are tubular funnel-shaped or bell-like, usually with five outward spreading lobes or points, and are often fragrant. They usually form a small calyx with small bracts. The fruit is in most cases a berry or a drupe. The genera Diervilla and Weigela have capsular fruit, while Heptacodium has an achene.
Taxonomy

Views of the family-level classification of the traditionally accepted Caprifoliaceae and other plants in the botanical order Dipsacales have been considerably revised in recent decades. Most botanists now accept the placement of two of the most familiar members of this group, the elderberries (Sambucus) and the viburnums (Viburnum), in the family Adoxaceae instead; these were formerly classified here.

Several other families of the more broadly treated Caprifoliaceae s.l. are separated by some but not all authors; these are treated as subfamilies in the listing of selected genera below,[2] along with estimated numbers of species.
Flowering shoot of Lonicera caprifolium. 1, Fruit; 2, horizontal plan of flower.

Diervilloideae

Diervilla (bush honeysuckle): 3 species
Weigela: 10 species.

Caprifolioideae s.s.

Heptacodium (seven-son flower): 1 species
Leycesteria: 6 species
Lonicera (honeysuckle): 180 species
Symphoricarpos (snowberry): 17 species
Triosteum (horsegentian): 6 species

Linnaeoideae

Abelia: 30 species
Dipelta: 4 species
Kolkwitzia (beautybush): 1 species
Linnaea (twinflower): 1 species

Morinoideae

Acanthocalyx: 3 species
Cryptothladia
Morina
Zabelia

Dipsacoideae

Cephalaria
Dipsacus (teasel): 15 species
Knautia
Pterocephalus: 25 species
Scabiosa (scabious, pincushion flower): 30 species
Succisa
Succisella
Triplostegia

Valerianoideae

Centranthus: 12 species
Fedia
Nardostachys : 3 species
Patrinia: 17 species
Plectritis (seablushes): 5 species
Valeriana (valerians): 125 species
Valerianella (cornsalads): 20 species

Uses

The plants belonging to this family are mainly hardy shrubs or vines of ornamental value, many of which are popular garden shrubs, notably species belonging to the genera Abelia, Lonicera, and Weigela.

A few, however, have become invasive weeds outside their native ranges (such as Lonicera japonica).
References

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.

"Angiosperm Phylogeny Website".

Flowering Plants of the World, 1987, Vernon H. Heywood, Andromeda Oxford Ltd., ISBN 90-5210-165-5
Botanica, Gordon Cheers, Random House Australia, ISBN 3-8290-1953-X