Sapindales

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids II
Ordo: Sapindales
Familiae: Anacardiaceae - Biebersteiniaceae - Burseraceae - Kirkiaceae - Meliaceae - Nitrariaceae - Rutaceae - Sapindaceae - Simaroubaceae

Name

Sapindales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl, Přir. Rostlin 224 (1820).

Type genus: Sapindus L., nom. cons. (1753).

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Acerales Bercht. & J.Presl, Přir. Rostlin: 225 (1820).
Type genus: Acer L. (1753).
Aesculales Bromhead, Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, 2: 213. 1838.
Type genus: Aesculus L. (1753).
Biebersteiniales Takht., Divers. Classif. Fl. Pl.: 327. 1997.
Type genus: Biebersteinia Stephan (1806).
Burserales Mart., Consp. Regn. Veg.: 55. 1835 (as Burseraceae).
Type genus: Bursera Jacq. ex L., nom. cons. (1762).
Citrales Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 43. 1829.
Type genus: Citrus L. (1753).
Julianiales Engl., Syllabus, ed. 5: 111. 1907.
Type genus: Juliania Schltdl., nom. illeg. (1844, non La Llave & Lex., 1825 ≡ Amphipterygium Schiede ex Standl., 1923).
Leitneriales Engl. in H.G.A. Engler & K.A.E. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr.: 345. 1897.
Type genus: Leitneria Chapm. (1860)
Meliales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl, Přir. Rostlin 219 (1820).
Type genus: Melia L. (1753).
Nitrariales Mart., Consp. Regn. Veg.: 52. 1835.
Type genus: Nitraria L. (1759).
Rutales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl, Přir. Rostlin 220 (1820).
Type genus: Ruta L. (1753).
Terebinthales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl, Přir. Rostlin 228 (1820), nom. illeg..
Type genus: Terebinthus Mill., nom. illeg. (1754 ≡ Pistacia L., 1753).

References
Primary references

Berchtold, F.W.v. & Presl, J.S. 1820. O Prirozenosti Rostlin 224.

Additional references

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2016. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181(1): 1–20. DOI: 10.1111/boj.12385 Reference page.
Gadek, P.A., Fernando, E.S., Quinn, C.J., Hoot, S.B., Terrazas, T., Sheahan, M.C. & Chase, M.W. 1996. Sapindales: Molecular delimitation and infraordinal groups. American Journal of Botany 83(6): 802–811. DOI: 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1996.tb12769.x PaywallJSTOR Hybrid open access journal Reference page.
Reveal, J.L. 2010. A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants. Phytotaxa 6: 1–402. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.6.1.1 Paywall Reference page.

Links

Stevens, P.F. 2001 onwards. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 [and more or less continuously updated since]. Online. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2014. Sapindales. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2014 Jan. 25.

Vernacular names
العربية: صابونيات
azərbaycanca: Sabunağacıçiçəklilər
беларуская: Сапіндакветныя
català: Sapindal
čeština: mýdelníkotvaré
dansk: Sæbetræ-ordenen
Deutsch: Seifenbaumartige
Ελληνικά: Σαπινδώδη
eesti: Seebipuulaadsed
فارسی: افراسانان
français: Sapindales
עברית: סבוננאים
hrvatski: Sapindolike
magyar: Szappanfavirágúak
日本語: ムクロジ目
перем коми: Сапиндус чукӧр
한국어: 무환자나무목
коми: Сапиндус чукӧр
lietuvių: Muileniečiai
latviešu: Sapindu rinda, kļavu rinda
македонски: Сапуновидни
norsk bokmål: Lønneordenen
norsk: Lønneordenen
polski: Mydleńcowce
русский: Сапиндоцветные
srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски: Sapindolike
slovenčina: mydlonvíkotvaré
slovenščina: Javorovci
svenska: Kinesträdordningen
తెలుగు: సపిండేలిస్
ไทย: อันดับเงาะ
Tagalog: Sapindales
Türkçe: Sapindales
українська: Сапіндоцвіті
Tiếng Việt: Bộ Bồ hòn
West-Vlams: Sapindales
Winaray: Sapindales
中文: 无患子目

Sapindales /sæpɪnˈdeɪliːz/ is an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Sapindales include citrus; maples, horse-chestnuts, lychees and rambutans; mangos and cashews; frankincense and myrrh; mahogany and neem.
Sapindales phylogeny
Phylogeny of the Sapindales based on the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV system (2016)[1]

The APG III system of 2009 includes it in the clade malvids (in rosids, in eudicots) with the following nine families:[2][3][4]
Trichostetha bicolor beetles feeding on flowers of Agathosma capensis (Rutaceae)
Chloroxylon swietenia from Rutaceae

Anacardiaceae
Biebersteiniaceae
Burseraceae
Kirkiaceae
Meliaceae
Nitrariaceae (including Peganaceae and Tetradiclidaceae)
Rutaceae
Sapindaceae
Simaroubaceae

The APG II system of 2003 allowed the optional segregation of families now included in the Nitrariaceae.

In the classification system of Dahlgren the Rutaceae were placed in the order Rutales, in the superorder Rutiflorae (also called Rutanae). The Cronquist system of 1981 used a somewhat different circumscription, including the following families:

Staphyleaceae
Melianthaceae
Bretschneideraceae
Akaniaceae
Sapindaceae
Hippocastanaceae
Aceraceae
Burseraceae
Anacardiaceae
Julianiaceae
Simaroubaceae
Cneoraceae
Meliaceae
Rutaceae
Zygophyllaceae

The difference from the APG III system is not as large as may appear, as the plants in the families Aceraceae and Hippocastanaceae stay in this order at APG III (both included in family Sapindaceae). The species now composing the family Nitrariaceae in APG III also belonged to this order in the Cronquist system as part of the family Zygophyllaceae, while those now in the family Kirkiaceae were present as part of the family Simaroubaceae.
References

Byng; Chase; Christenhusz; Judd; et al. (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181: 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.
Muellner, A. N.; D. D. Vassiliades; S. S. Renner (2007). "Placing Biebersteiniaceae, a herbaceous clade of Sapindales, in a temporal and geographic context" (PDF). Plant Systematics and Evolution. 266 (3–4): 233–252. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.331.573. doi:10.1007/s00606-007-0546-x. S2CID 6400337.

Stevens, P.F. (2001–2008). "Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008 [and more or less continuously updated since]". Missouri Botanical Garden.

Bibliography
Pell, Susan Katherine (May 2004). Molecular systematics of the cashew family (Anacardiaceae) (PDF). Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University. Archived from the original (PhD thesis) on 2008-08-21.