Landolphia

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Gentianales

Familia: Apocynaceae
Subfamilia: Rauvolfioideae
Tribus: Willughbeieae
Subtribus: Landolphiinae
Genus: Landolphia
Species: L. angustisepala – L. axillaris – L. breviloba – L. bruneelii – L. buchananii – L. calabrica – L. camptoloba – L. congolensis – L. cuneifolia – L. dewevrei – L. dulcis – L. elliptica – L. eminiana – L. exilis – L. ferrea – L. flavidiflora – L. foretiana – L. fragrans – L. glabra – L. glandulosa – L. gossweileri – L. gummifera – L. heudelotii – L. hirsuta – L. hispidula – L. incerta – L. jumellei – L. kirkii – L. lanceolata – L. landolphioides – L. le-testui – L. lecomtei – L. leptantha – L. ligustrifolia – L. macrantha – L. mandrianambo – L. mannii – L. maxima – L. membranacea – L. micrantha – L. myrtifolia – L. nitens – L. nitidula – L. noctiflora – L. obliquinervia – L. owariensis – L. parvifolia – L. platyclada – L. pyramidata – L. reticulata – L. robustior – L. rufescens – L. sphaerocarpa – L. stenogyna – L. subrepanda – L. tenuis – L. thollonii – L. togolana – L. trichostigma – L. uniflora – L. villosa – L. violacea – L. watsoniana

Nothospecies: L. × utilis
Name

Landolphia P.Beauv., Fl. Oware 1: 54. Mai (1806) nom. cons.

Type species: Landolphia owariensis P.Beauv. (1806)

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Alstonia Scop., Intr. Hist. Nat.: 198 (1777), nom. rej.
Vahea Poir. in J.B.A.P.M.de Lamarck, Tabl. Encycl.: t. 169 (1792), nom. rej.
Carpodinus R.Br. ex G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 101 (1837)
Faterna Noronha ex A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 327 (1844)
Willughbeia Klotzsch in W.C.H.Peters, Naturw. Reise Mossambique 6(1): 281 (1861), nom. illeg.
Aphanostylis Pierre, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris, n.s., 1: 89 (1898)
Djeratonia Pierre, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris, n.s., 1: 37 (1898)
Jasminochyla (Stapf) Pichon, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 20: 551 (1949)
Anthoclitandra (Pierre) Pichon, Mém. Inst. Franç. Afrique Noire 35: 230 (1953)

References

Palisot de Beauvois, A.M.F.J. 1806. Flore d'Oware 1: 54.
Farr, E. R. & Zijlstra, G. eds. (1996-) Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). 2009 Aug 24 [1].
Govaerts, R. et al. 2015. Landolphia in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2015 Nov. 1. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2015. Landolphia. Published online. Accessed: Nov. 1 2015.
Tropicos.org 2015. Landolphia. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2015 Nov. 1.

Landolphia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1806. They take the form of vines that scramble over host trees. Landolphia is native to tropical Africa.[1]

Characteristics

There are about fifty species of Landolphia in continental Africa and about fourteen more species in Madagascar. They are typically found in forest habitats in tropical West and Central Africa, scrambling over trees, but a few species are large shrubs. They have simple, glossy green leaves in opposite pairs, jasmine-like flowers with tubes and parts in fives, and hard-shelled, fleshy fruits with several seeds embedded in the pulp. After fruiting, the flower stem develops into a twisting tendril which branches near its tip.[2][3]
Uses

Members of this genus exude latex when the bark is damaged. The vines have traditionally been used to supply rubber but that function has increasingly been taken over by the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis which can be conveniently grown in plantations. The latex from these vines is still used to a limited extent for rubber production. Many species have large edible fruits which are sweet and juicy and rich in beta-carotene. However, commercialisation of the crop is difficult because of the nature of the vines, their need for suitable supports and the lack of knowledge of suitable cultivation techniques.[2]

Species[1]

Landolphia angustisepala - Gabon, Zaïre
Landolphia axillaris - Gabon
Landolphia breviloba - Gabon, Congo
Landolphia bruneelii - Gabon, Congo, Cameroon, Zaïre
Landolphia buchananii - C + E + S Africa
Landolphia calabarica - W Africa
Landolphia camptoloba - C Africa
Landolphia congolensis - C Africa
Landolphia cuneifolia - S Zaïre, NW Zambia
Landolphia dewevrei - C Africa
Landolphia dulcis - W + C Africa
Landolphia elliptica - Madagascar
Landolphia eminiana - C + E Africa
Landolphia exilis - Madagascar
Landolphia ferrea - Gabon, Congo
Landolphia flavidiflora - Cameroon
Landolphia foretiana - W + C Africa
Landolphia fragrans - Madagascar
Landolphia glabra - C Africa
Landolphia glandulosa - Gabon, Cameroon
Landolphia gossweileri - SE Angola, Zambia
Landolphia gummifera - Madagascar
Landolphia heudelotii - W Africa
Landolphia hirsuta - W Africa
Landolphia hispidula - Madagascar
Landolphia incerta - W + C + S Africa
Landolphia jumellei - C Africa
Landolphia kirkii E + C + SE Africa
Landolphia lanceolata - Congo, Zaïre, Angola
Landolphia landolphioides - C + E Africa
Landolphia le-testui - C Africa
Landolphia lecomtei - C Africa
Landolphia leptantha - Gabon, Cameroon, Nigeria
Landolphia ligustrifolia - Congo, Zaïre, Gabon, Cameroon
Landolphia macrantha - Sierra Leone, Guinea
Landolphia mandrianambo - Madagascar
Landolphia mannii - C Africa
Landolphia maxima - Gabon, Cameroon, Nigeria
Landolphia membranacea - W Africa
Landolphia micrantha - W Africa
Landolphia myrtifolia - Madagascar
Landolphia nitens - Madagascar
Landolphia nitidula - Liberia, Ivory Coast
Landolphia noctiflora - Gabon
Landolphia obliquinervia - Madagascar
Landolphia owariensis - much of tropical Africa
Landolphia parvifolia - C + E + S Africa
Landolphia platyclada - Madagascar
Landolphia pyramidata - Gabon, Central African Republic
Landolphia reticulata - Gabon
Landolphia robustior - C Africa
Landolphia rufescens - Zaïre, Angola, Zambia
Landolphia sphaerocarpa - Madagascar
Landolphia stenogyna - Gabon, Cameroon, Nigeria
Landolphia subrepanda - C Africa
Landolphia tenuis - Madagascar
Landolphia thollonii - Zaïre, Angola, Congo
Landolphia togolana - W Africa
Landolphia trichostigma - Madagascar
Landolphia uniflora - Gabon, Cameroon, Nigeria
Landolphia × utilis - Ivory Coast
Landolphia villosa - C Africa
Landolphia violacea - C Africa
Landolphia watsoniana - Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique

References

Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Lost Crops of Africa. 3. National Academies Press. 2008. pp. 272–.

Omino, Elizabeth (2002). Flora of Tropical East Africa: Apocynaceae. CRC Press. p. 18. ISBN 978-90-5809-409-4.

External links
Dressler, S.; Schmidt, M. & Zizka, G. (2014). "Landolphia". African plants – a Photo Guide. Frankfurt/Main: Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg.