1861 "First Civil War Comet", "It far exceeded in brightness any Comet I have before observed...", Sir John Herschel

Open-hearth process : William Siemens, PierreEmile Martin

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Discovery of Thallium (Crookes,)

Pasteur, No spontaneous generation

10 February 1861 discovery of 63 Ausonia

4 March 1861 discovery of 64 Angelina

8 March 1861 discovery of 65 Cybele

9 April 1861 discovery of 66 Maja

17 April 1861 discovery of 67 Asia

26 April 1861 discovery of 69 Hesperia

29 April 1861 discovery of 68 Leto

5 May 1861 discovery of 70 Panopaea

29 May 1861 discovery of 72 Feronia

13 August 1861 discovery of 71 Niobe

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15 February 1861 Birth of Charles Edouard Guillaume

9 August 1861 Birth of Dorothea Roberts Klumpke in San Francisco, California, USA

10 November 1861 Birth of Robert Thorburn Ayton Innes in Edinburgh, Scotland

1861 Birth of Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins

1861 Birth of Niels Ryberg Finsen

1861 Birth of Nettie Stevens