Cyperaceae

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Cladus: Commelinids
Ordo: Poales

Familia: Cyperaceae
Subfamiliae: Cyperoideae – Mapanioideae

Overview of accepted genera

Actinoschoenus – Actinoscirpus – Afrotrilepis – Amphiscirpus – Androtrichum – Arthrostylis – Ascolepis – Becquerelia – Bisboeckelera – Blysmus – Bolboschoenus – Bulbostylis – Calisto – Calliscirpus – Calyptrocarya – Capeobolus – Capitularina – Carex – Carpha – Caustis – Cephalocarpus – Chorizandra – Chrysitrix – Cladium – Coleochloa – Costularia – Crosslandia – Cyathochaeta – Cyathocoma – Cymophyllus – Cyperus – Cypringlea – Diplacrum – Diplasia – Dracoscirpoides – Dulichium – Eleocharis – Elynanthus – Epischoenus – Eriophorum – Erioscirpus – Evandra – Everardia – Exocarya – Ficinia – Fimbristylis – Fuirena – Gahnia – Gymnoschoenus – Hellmuthia – Hypolytrum – Isolepis – Karinia – Khaosokia – Kobresia – Koyamaea – Kyllinga – Lagenocarpus – Lepidosperma – Lepironia – Lipocarpha – Machaerina – Mapania – Mesomelaena – Microdracoides – Morelotia – Neesenbeckia – Nelmesia – Nemum – Neoscirpus – Oreobolopsis – Oreobolus – Paramapania – Phylloscirpus – Pleurostachys – Principina – Pseudoschoenus – Ptilothrix – Pycreus – Reedia – Rhodoscirpus – Rhynchocladium – Rhynchospora – Schoenoplectiella – Schoenoplectus – Schoenoxiphium – Schoenus – Scirpodendron – Scirpoides – Scirpus – Scleria – Sumatroscirpus – Tetraria – Trachystylis – Trianoptiles – Trichophorum – Trichoschoenus – Tricostularia – Trilepis – Uncinia – Volkiella – Zameioscirpus

Nothogenus: × Bolboschoenoplectus

Name

Cyperaceae Juss. Gen. Pl. 26. (1789)

Type genus: Cyperus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 44. (1753)

References

Jussieu, A.L. de 1789. Genera Plantarum (Jussieu), 26.
Emonocot.org 2013. Cyperaceae in The Orders and Families of Monocotyledons. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2013 Sept. 16.
Goetghebeur, P. (1998) Cyperaceae. Flowering Plants. Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae) 141-190.
International Plant Names Index. 2013. Cyperaceae. Published online. Accessed: 16 Sept. 2013.
Larridon, I., Zuntini, A.R., Léveillé‐Bourret, É., Barrett, R.L., Starr, J.R., Muasya, M., Villaverde, T., Bauters, K., Brewer, G.E., Bruhl, J.J. & Costa, S.M. 2021. A new classification of Cyperaceae (Poales) supported by phylogenomic data. Journal of Systematics and Evolution DOI: 10.1111/jse.12757 PDF Reference page.
Muasya, A.M., Simpson, D.A., Verboom, A.G., Goetghebeur, P., Naczi, R.F.C., Chase, M.W. & Smet, E. 2009. Phylogeny of Cyperaceae based on DNA sequence data: Current progress and future prospects. Botanical Review 75 (1): 2–21. DOI: 10.1007/s12229-008-9019-3 PDF available online from ResearchGate Reference page.
Stevens, P.F. 2001 onwards. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 [and more or less continuously updated since]. Online. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2013. Cyperaceae. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2013 Sept. 16.
Friedrich A. Lohmueller: The Botanical System of the Plants[1]

External links

Bruhl, J.J., Weber,O., Simpson, D.A., Wilson, K.L., Multi-Access Key: Sedge Genera of the world II

Vernacular names
العربية: سعدية
azərbaycanca: Cilkimilər
беларуская: Асаковыя
български: Острицови
català: Ciperàcies
čeština: Šáchorovité
dansk: Halvgræs-familien
Deutsch: Sauergrasgewächse, Riedgrasgewächse
English: Sedge family
Esperanto: Ciperacoj
eesti: Lõikheinalised
فارسی: جگنیان
suomi: Sarakasvit
Nordfriisk: Raidgäärs
Gaeilge: Cíb
हिन्दी: साइपरेसी
hrvatski: Šiljovke
hornjoserbsce: Cachorowe rostliny
magyar: Palkafélék
Ido: Karico
íslenska: Stararætt
日本語: カヤツリグサ科
ქართული: ისლისებრნი
қазақша: Қияқөлеңдер тұқымдасы
한국어: 사초과, 방동사니과
ລາວ: ວົງຜື
lietuvių: Viksvuoliniai
македонски: Острики
മലയാളം: സൈപറേസീ
Bahasa Melayu: Rumput rusiga
Nederlands: Cypergrassenfamilie
norsk: Halvgrasfamilien
polski: Ciborowate
Runa Simi: Runtuma yura rikch'aq ayllu
română: Ciperacee
русский: Осоковые
svenska: Halvgräs
తెలుగు: సైపరేసి
ไทย: วงศ์กก
lea faka-Tonga: Pako
Türkçe: Papirüsgiller
українська: Осокові
oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча: Hiloldoshlar
Tiếng Việt: Họ Cói
中文: 莎草科

The Cyperaceae are a family of graminoid (grass-like), monocotyledonous flowering plants known as sedges. The family is large, with some 5,500 known species described in about 90 genera,[3][4] the largest being the "true sedges" genus Carex[5][6] with over 2,000 species.[7]

These species are widely distributed, with the centers of diversity for the group occurring in tropical Asia and tropical South America. While sedges may be found growing in almost all environments, many are associated with wetlands, or with poor soils. Ecological communities dominated by sedges are known as sedgelands or sedge meadows.

Some species superficially resemble the closely related rushes and the more distantly related grasses. Features distinguishing members of the sedge family from grasses or rushes are stems with triangular cross-sections (with occasional exceptions) and leaves that are spirally arranged in three ranks. In comparison, grasses have alternate leaves, forming two ranks.[8][9][10]

Some well-known sedges include the water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) and the papyrus sedge (Cyperus papyrus), from which the writing material papyrus was made. This family also includes cotton-grass (Eriophorum), spike-rush (Eleocharis), sawgrass (Cladium), nutsedge or nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus, a common lawn weed), and white star sedge (Rhynchospora colorata).
Genera

As of 2020, 88 genera are accepted in Kew's Plants of the World Online:[2]

Actinoschoenus Benth.
Actinoscirpus (Ohwi) R.W.Haines & Lye
Afroscirpoides García-Madr. & Muasya
Afrotrilepis (Gilly) J.Raynal
Amphiscirpus Oteng-Yeb.
Androtrichum (Brongn.) Brongn.
Arthrostylis R.Br.
Becquerelia Brongn.
Bisboeckelera Kuntze
Blysmus Panz. ex Schult.
Bolboschoenus (Asch.) Palla
Bulbostylis Kunth
Calliscirpus C.N.Gilmour, J.R.Starr & Naczi
Calyptrocarya Nees
Capeobolus Browning
Capitularina J.Kern
Carex L.
Carpha Banks & Sol. ex R.Br.
Caustis R.Br.
Cephalocarpus Nees
Chorizandra R.Br.
Chrysitrix L.
Cladium P.Browne
Coleochloa Gilly
Costularia C.B.Clarke
Cyathochaeta Nees
Cyathocoma Nees
Cyperus L.
Cypringlea M.T.Strong
Diplacrum R.Br.
Diplasia Pers.
Dracoscirpoides Muasya
Dulichium Pers.
Eleocharis R.Br.
Eriophorum L.
Erioscirpus Palla
Evandra R.Br.
Everardia Ridl.
Exocarya Benth.
Ficinia Schrad.
Fimbristylis Vahl
Fuirena Rottb.
Gahnia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
Gymnoschoenus Nees
Hellmuthia Steud.
Hypolytrum Pers.
Isolepis R.Br.
Khaosokia D.A.Simpson, Chayam. & J.Parn.
Koyamaea W.W.Thomas & G.Davidse
Lagenocarpus Nees
Lepidosperma Labill.
Lepironia Pers.
Machaerina Vahl
Mapania Aubl.
Mesomelaena Nees
Microdracoides Hua
Morelotia Gaudich.
Neesenbeckia Levyns
Nelmesia Van der Veken
Nemum Desv.
Oreobolopsis T.Koyama & Guagl.
Oreobolus R.Br.
Paramapania Uittien
Phylloscirpus C.B.Clarke
Pleurostachys Brongn.
Principina Uittien
Pseudoschoenus (C.B.Clarke) Oteng-Yeb.
Ptilothrix K.L.Wilson
Reedia F.Muell.
Rhodoscirpus Léveillé-Bourret, Donadío & J.R.Starr
Rhynchocladium T.Koyama
Rhynchospora Vahl
Schoenoplectiella Lye
Schoenoplectus (Rchb.) Palla
Schoenus L.
Scirpodendron Zipp. ex Kurz
Scirpoides Ség.
Scirpus Tourn. ex L.
Scleria P.J.Bergius
Sumatroscirpus Oteng-Yeb.
Tetraria P.Beauv.
Trachystylis S.T.Blake
Trianoptiles Fenzl ex Endl.
Trichophorum Pers.
Trichoschoenus J.Raynal
Tricostularia Nees
Trilepis Nees
Zameioscirpus Dhooge & Goetgh.
References

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.
"Cyperaceae". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. Magnolia Press. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
R. Govaerts; D. A. Simpson; with J. Bruhl; T. Egorova; P. Goetghebeur; K. Wilson (2007). Word Checklist of Cyperaceae: Sedges. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 978-1-84246-199-0.
"Sedge family – definition and more from the free Merriam-Webster Dictionary". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 25 December 2013.
Milne, Lorus Johnson; Milne, Margery Joan Greene (1975). Living plants of the world. Random House. p. 301.
Hipp, Andrew L. (2007). "Nonuniform processes of chromosome evolution in sedges (Carex: Cyperaceae)" (PDF). Evolution. 61 (9): 2175–2194. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00183.x. ISSN 0014-3820. PMID 17767589. S2CID 19514206.
"Grasslike non-grasses". Backyard Nature. Retrieved December 30, 2014.
Ball, Peter W.; Reznicek, A. A.; Murray, David F. (2002). "Cyperaceae". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). 23. New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
Brian R. Speer (September 29, 1995). "Glumiflorae: More on Morphology". University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved March 23, 2007.