Commelinids

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Cladus: Commelinids
Ordines: Arecales - Commelinales - Poales - Zingiberales

Name

commelinids [APG III]
Synonyms

Commelinidae Takht. (1967)
Commelinoids [APG]

References

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 1998. An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 85 (4): 531–553. pdf file
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2003. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141(4): 399–436. DOI: 10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x Open access Reference page.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2009. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161(2): 105–121. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x Open access Reference page.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2016. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181(1): 1–20. DOI: 10.1111/boj.12385 Reference page.
Cantino, Philip D.; Doyle, James A.; Graham, Sean W.; Judd, Walter S.: Olmstead, Richard G.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S.; & Donoghue, Michael J. 2007. Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of Tracheophyta. Taxon 56 (3): E1–E44.
Dahlgren, R. M. T. & Rassmussen, F. (1983) Monocotyledon evolution. Characters and phylolgenetic estimation. Evol. Biol. 16: 255–395.
Dahlgren, R. M. T.; Clifford, H. T.; & Yeo, P. F. (1985) The Families of the Monocotyledons. (Berlin: Springer-Verlag).
Takhtajan, A. (1967) Система и филогения цветкорых растений [ Systema et Phylogenia Magnoliophytorum ]. (Moscow: Nauka).
Commelinids – Taxon details on National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). (Following APG classification)
Trias-Blasi, A., Baker, W.J., Haigh, A.L., Simpson, D.A., Weber, O. & Wilkin, P. 2015. A genus-level phylogenetic linear sequence of monocots. Taxon 64(3): 552-581. DOI: 10.12705/643.9 Paywall ResearchGate Reference page.

Vernacular names
العربية: وعلانانيات
català: Commelínida
Cymraeg: Comelinid
Deutsch: Commeliniden
English: Commelinids
فارسی: دولپه‌ای‌های کاملینید
français: Commelinidées
Bahasa Indonesia: Commelinids
italiano: Commelinidi
日本語: ツユクサ類
Jawa: Commelinids
한국어: 닭의장풀군
македонски: Комелиниди
Nederlands: Commeliniden
occitan: Commelinids
português: Comelinídeas
Simple English: Commelinids
Tiếng Việt: Nhánh Thài lài
中文: 鸭跖草类植物

In plant taxonomy, commelinids (originally commelinoids[1][2]) (plural, not capitalised) is a clade of flowering plants within the monocots, distinguished by having cell walls containing ferulic acid.[3][4]

The commelinids are the only clade that the APG IV system has informally named within the monocots. The remaining monocots are a paraphyletic unit. Also known as the commelinid monocots it forms one of three groupings within the monocots, and the final branch, the other two groups being the alismatid monocots and the lilioid monocots.

Description

Members of the commelinid clade have cell walls containing UV-fluorescent ferulic acid.[3][4]
Taxonomy

The commelinids were first recognized as a formal group in 1967 by Armen Takhtajan, who named them the Commelinidae and assigned them to a subclass of Liliopsida (monocots).[5] The name was also used in the 1981 Cronquist system. However, by the release of his 1980 system of classification, Takhtajan had merged this subclass into a larger one, and no longer considered it to be a clade.
Takhtajan system

In the Takhtajan system treated this as one of six subclasses within the class Liliopsida (=monocotyledons). It consisted of:

subclass Commelinidae

superorder Bromelianae

order Bromeliales
order Velloziales

superorder Pontederianae

order Philydrales
order Pontederiales
order Haemodorales

superorder Zingiberanae

order Musales
order Lowiales
order Zingiberales
order Cannales

superorder Commelinanae

order Commelinales
order Mayacales
order Xyridales
order Rapateales
order Eriocaulales

superorder Hydatellanae

order Hydatellales

superorder Juncanae

order Juncales
order Cyperales

superorder Poanae

order Flagellariales
order Restionales
order Centrolepidales
order Poales

Cronquist system

The Cronquist system treated this as one of four subclasses within the class Liliopsida. It consisted of:

subclass Commelinidae

order Commelinales
order Eriocaulales
order Restionales
order Juncales
order Cyperales
order Hydatellales
order Typhales

APG system

The APG II system does not use formal botanical names above the rank of order; most of the members were assigned to the clade commelinids in the monocots (its predecessor, the APG system used the clade commelinoids).[6][7] The commelinids now constitute a well-supported clade within the monocots,[8] and this clade has been recognized in all four APG classification systems.
Cladogram 1: The phylogenetic composition of the monocots[9]

monocots 131                Acorales       Alismatales   122            Petrosaviales     120   Dioscoreales 115     Pandanales 91         Liliales 121   121   Asparagales 120   commelinids 118            Arecales     Poales                Zingiberales     Commelinales

Subdivision

The commelinids of APG II (2003) and APG III (2009) contain essentially the same plants as the commelinoids of the earlier APG system (1998).[8] In APG IV (2016) the family Dasypogonaceae is no longer directly placed under commelinids but instead a family of order Arecales.[9]
clade monocots :

clade commelinids:

order Arecales (palms)
order Commelinales (spiderwort, water hyacinth)
order Poales (grasses, rushes, bromeliads)
order Zingiberales (gingers, banana)

commelinids	Arecales     Poales         Zingiberales     Commelinales

 
 
 
 
The current phylogeny and composition of the commelinids.[10]
References

APG (1998). "An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 85 (4): 531–553. doi:10.2307/2992015. JSTOR 2992015.
APG II (2003). "An Update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 141 (4): 399–436. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x.
Harris & Hartley 1976.
Dahlgren, R. M. T.; Rassmussen, F. (1983). "Monocotyledon evolution. Characters and phylogenetic estimation". Evolutionary Biology. Vol. 16. pp. 255–395. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-6971-8_7. ISBN 978-1-4615-6973-2.
Takhtajan, A. (1967). Система и филогения цветковых растений (Systema et Phylogenia Magnoliophytorum). Moscow: Nauka.
http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/ the official APG website
"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 141 (4): 399–436. 2003. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x.
Cantino, Philip D.; James A. Doyle; Sean W. Graham; Walter S. Judd; Richard G. Olmstead; Douglas E. Soltis; Pamela S. Soltis; Michael J. Donoghue (2007). "Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of Tracheophyta". Taxon. 56 (3): E1–E44. doi:10.2307/25065865. JSTOR 25065865.
APG IV 2016.

"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. 2009. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.

Bibliography

APG IV (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.
Barrett, Craig F.; Baker, William J.; Comer, Jason R.; Conran, John G.; Lahmeyer, Sean C.; Leebens-Mack, James H.; Li, Jeff; Lim, Gwynne S.; Mayfield-Jones, Dustin R.; Perez, Leticia; Medina, Jesus; Pires, J. Chris; Santos, Cristian; Wm. Stevenson, Dennis; Zomlefer, Wendy B.; Davis, Jerrold I. (January 2016). "Plastid genomes reveal support for deep phylogenetic relationships and extensive rate variation among palms and other commelinid monocots". New Phytologist. 209 (2): 855–870. doi:10.1111/nph.13617. PMID 26350789.
Dahlgren, R. M. T.; Clifford, H. T.; Yeo, P. F. (1985). The Families of the Monocotyledons: Structure, Evolution, and Taxonomy. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-13655-2.
Harris, P.J.; Hartley, R.D. (1976). "Detection of bound ferulic acid in cell walls of the Gramineae by ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy". Nature. 259 (5543): 508–510. Bibcode:1976Natur.259..508H. doi:10.1038/259508a0. S2CID 4272319.