Rhynchospora

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Cladus: Commelinids
Ordo: Poales

Familia: Cyperaceae
Subfamilia: Cyperoideae
Tribus: Rhynchosporeae
Genus: Rhynchospora
Species:

A

R. aberrans – R. acanthoma – R. affinis – R. agostiniana – R. alba – R. albescens – R. albiceps – R. albida – R. albobracteata – R. albomarginata – R. albotuberculata – R. almensis – R. amazonica – R. andresii – R. angolensis – R. angosturensis – R. angustifolia – R. angustipaniculata – R. arenicola – R. argentea – R. aripoensis – R. aristata – R. armerioides – R. asperula – R. ayangannensis
B

R. bakhuisensis – R. baldwinii – R. barbata – R. barrosiana – R. berteroi – R. biflora – R. blepharophora – R. boivinii – R. bolivarana – R. boliviensis – R. boninensis – R. brachychaeta – R. bracteovillosa – R. bradei – R. brasiliensis – R. brevifoliata – R. brevirostris – R. breviuscula – R. brittonii – R. brunnea – R. bucherorum
C

R. cabecarae – R. cacuminicola – R. caduca – R. caesionux – R. cajennensis – R. calderana – R. californica – R. candida – R. capillacea – R. capillifolia – R. capitata – R. capitellata – R. caracasana – R. careyana – R. cariciformis – R. carrillensis – R. castanea – R. catharinensis – R. caucasica – R. cephalantha – R. cephalotes – R. cephalotoides – R. cernua – R. chalarocephala – R. chapmanii – R. chimantensis – R. chinensis – R. ciliaris – R. ciliolata – R. colorata – R. comata – R. compressa – R. conferta – R. confinis – R. confusa – R. consanguinea – R. contracta – R. cordatachenia – R. coriifolia – R. corniculata – R. corymbosa – R. crinigera – R. crinipes – R. crispa – R. croydonensis – R. cubensis – R. curtissii – R. curvula
D

R. davidsei – R. debilis – R. decurrens – R. dentinux – R. depauperata – R. depressa – R. depressirostris – R. diodon – R. dissitiflora – R. dissitispicula – R. distichophylla – R. divaricata – R. divergens – R. dives – R. domingensis – R. donselaarii – R. duckei – R. duidae – R. durangensis
E

R. ebracteata – R. eburnea – R. edwalliana – R. elatior – R. elegantula – R. elliottii – R. emaciata – R. enmanuelis – R. eurycarpa – R. exaltata – R. exilis – R. eximia – R. exserta
F

R. faberi – R. fallax – R. fascicularis – R. fauriei – R. fernaldii – R. filifolia – R. filiformis – R. floridensis – R. fluminensis – R. foliosa – R. fujiiana – R. fusca
G

R. gageri – R. gaudichaudii – R. galeana – R. gigantea – R. glaziovii – R. globosa – R. globularis – R. glomerata – R. gollmeri – R. gracilenta – R. gracillima – R. grandifolia – R. grayi – R. guaramacalensis
H

R. hakkodensis – R. harperi – R. harveyi – R. hassleri – R. hatschbachii – R. heterochaeta – R. heterolepis – R. hieronymi – R. hildebrandtii – R. hirsuta – R. hirta – R. hirticeps – R. hispidula – R. holoschoenoides – R. hookeri
I

R. iberae – R. ierensis – R. imeriensis – R. immensa – R. inexpansa – R. intermedia – R. intermixta – R. inundata
J

R. jaliscensis – R. jamaicensis – R. joveroensis – R. jubata – R. junciformis
K

R. killipii – R. knieskernii – R. kunthii
L

R. lapensis – R. latibracteata – R. latifolia – R. leae – R. legrandii – R. leptorhyncha – R. leucoloma – R. leucostachys – R. lindeniana – R. lindmanii – R. locuples – R. loefgrenii – R. longa – R. longibracteata – R. longiflora – R. longisetis – R. luetzelburgiana
M

R. macra – R. macrochaeta – R. macrostachya – R. maguireana – R. malasica – R. mandonii – R. marcelo-guerrae – R. marisculus – R. marliniana – R. marquisensis – R. mayarensis – R. megalocarpa – R. megaplumosa – R. megapotamica – R. melanocarpa – R. mendoncana – R. metralis – R. mexicana – R. microcarpa – R. microcephala – R. miliacea – R. minor – R. mixta – R. modesti-lucennoi – R. mollis – R. montana
N

R. nanuzae – R. nardifolia – R. neesii – R. nervosa – R. nipensis – R. nitens – R. nivea – R. nuda
O

R. orbignyana – R. odorata – R. oligantha – R. oreoboloidea – R. organensis
P

R. pallida – R. palustris – R. panicifolia – R. papillosa – R. paraensis – R. paramora – R. paranaensis – R. patuligluma – R. pearcei – R. pedersenii – R. perplexa – R. perrieri – R. peruviana – R. pilosa – R. pilulifera – R. pirrensis – R. planifolia – R. pleiantha – R. plumosa – R. pluricarpa – R. plusquamrobusta – R. polyantha – R. polyphylla – R. polystachys – R. praecincta – R. prenteloupiana – R. pruinosa – R. pseudomacrostachya – R. pterochaeta – R. pubera – R. pubisquama – R. punctata – R. pura
R

P. rabenii – R. racemosa – R. radicans – R. rariflora – R. recognita – R. recurvata – R. reptans – R. ridleyi – R. riedeliana – R. rigidifolia – R. riparia – R. robusta – R. roraimae – R. rosae – R. rosemariana – R. rostrata – R. rubra – R. rudis – R. rugosa – R. ruiziana – R. rupestris – R. rupicola
S

R. sampaioana – R. sanariapensis – R. sartoriana – R. saxisavannicola – R. scabrata – R. schiedeana – R. schmidtii – R. schomburgkiana – R. schottmuelleri – R. scirpoides – R. sclerioides – R. scutellata – R. sellowiana – R. semiinvolucrata – R. seslerioides – R. setigera – R. shaferi – R. siguaneana – R. simplex – R. smithii – R. sola – R. solitaria – R. sparsiflora – R. speciosa – R. spectabilis – R. splendens – R. spruceana – R. squamulosa – R. stenocarpa – R. stenophylla – R. steyermarkii – R. stokesii – R. stolonifera – R. stricta – R. subdicephala – R. subimberbis – R. sublanata – R. submarginata – R. subplumosa – R. subsetigera – R. subsetosa – R. subtenuifolia – R. subtilis
T

R. talamancensis – R. tenella – R. tenerrima – R. tenuifolia – R. tenuis – R. tepuiana – R. terminalis – R. testacea – R. thornei – R. tomentosa – R. torresiana – R. torreyana – R. tracyi – R. trichochaeta – R. trichophora – R. triflora – R. trispicata – R. tuerckheimii
U

R. umbraticola – R. unisetosa – R. urbanii
V

R. velutina – R. vulcani
W

R. warmingii – R. waspamensis – R. watsonii – R. widgrenii – R. wightiana – R. wrightiana
Z

R. zacualtipanensis
Source(s) of checklist:

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Rhynchospora in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Feb 19. Reference page.

Name

Rhynchospora Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2: 229 (1805), nom. cons.

Type species: Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl.

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Phaeocephalum Ehrh., Beitr. Naturk. 4: 146 (1789).
Dichromena Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 37 (1803).
Triodon Rich. in C.H.Persoon, Syn. Pl. 1: 60 (1805).
Spermodon P.Beauv. ex T.Lestib., Essai Cypér.: 27 (1819).
Zosterospermon P.Beauv. ex T.Lestib., Essai Cypér.: 28 (1819).
Dichroma Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid.: 15 (1825), nom. illeg.
Pterotheca C.Presl, Symb. Bot. 1: 55 (1831).
Pleurostachys Brongn. in L.I.Duperrey, Voy. Monde, Phan.: 172 (1833).
Calyptrostylis Nees, Linnaea 9: 295 (1834).
Cephaloschoenus Nees, Linnaea 9: 295 (1834).
Ceratoschoenus Nees, Linnaea 9: 296 (1834).
Diplochaete Nees, Linnaea 9: 296 (1834).
Echinoschoenus Nees & Meyen in F.J.F.Meyen, Observ. Bot. 1: 116 (1834).
Haloschoenus Nees, Linnaea 9: 296 (1834).
Haplostylis Nees, Linnaea 9: 295 (1834).
Mitrospora Nees, Linnaea 9: 295 (1834).
Morisia Nees, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 1834(Oct.): 265 (1834).
Nemochloa Nees in F.J.F.Meyen, Observ. Bot. 1: 108 (1834), nom. illeg.
Nomochloa Nees, Linnaea 9: 299 (1834), nom. illeg.
Psilocarya Torr., Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 359 (1836).
Eriochaeta Torr. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 586 (1840).
Leptoschoenus Nees, J. Bot. (Hooker) 2: 393 (1840).
Microchaeta Rchb., Deut. Bot. Herb.-Buch: 190 (1841), pro syn.
Sphaeroschoenus Nees, Cyperaceae: 45 (1841).
Asteroschoenus Nees in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 2(1): 124 (1842).
Ephippiorhynchium Nees in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 2(1): 134 (1842).
Hygrocharis Nees in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 2(1): 147 (1842).
Pachymitra Nees in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 2(1): 115 (1842).
Ptilochaeta Nees in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 2(1): 147 (1842).
Astroschoenus Lindl., Veg. Kingd., ed. 2: 119 (1847).
Kleistrocalyx Steud., Flora 33: 229 (1850).
Calyptrolepis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 151 (1855).
Cleistocalyx Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 151 (1855).
Ptilosciadium Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 149 (1855).
Trichochaeta Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 155 (1855).
Pterochaete Arn. ex Boeckeler, Linnaea 37: 600 (1873).
Lonchostylis Torr., Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 370 (1886).
Syntrinema H.Pfeiff., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 238 (1925).
Micropapyrus Suess., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 73: 115 (1943).

References
Primary references

Vahl, M. 1805. Enumeratio plantarum, vel ab aliis, vel ab ipso observatum, cum earum differentiis specificis, synonymis selectis et descriptionibus succinctis. Vol. II. XVI+423 pp. Typis N. Mölleri & filii, Hauniae [Copenhagen]. BHL Biblioteca Digital Reference page. : 2: 229

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Rhynchospora in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Feb 19. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Rhynchospora. Published online. Accessed: Feb 19 2020.
Tropicos.org 2020. Rhynchospora. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 19 Feb 2020.
ITIS
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Rhynchospora in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 08-Apr-12.

Vernacular names
Deutsch: Schnabel-Seggen, Schnabel-Riede
English: Beak-sedge, Star-sedge
eesti: Nokkhein
suomi: Piirtoheinät
Nederlands: snavelbies
русский: Очеретник

Rhynchospora (beak-rush or beak-sedge) is a genus of about 400 species of sedges with a cosmopolitan distribution.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] The genus includes both annual and perennial species, mostly with erect 3-sided stems and 3-ranked leaves. The achenes bear a beak-like tubercule (hence the name “beak-rush”, although the plants are sedges, not rushes) and are sometimes subtended by bristles. Many of the species are similar in vegetative appearance, and mature fruits are needed to make a positive identification.

The inflorescences (spikelets) are sometimes subtended by bracts which can be leaf-like or showy.

Ecology

Rhynchospora occurs on all continents except Antarctica, but is most diverse in the neotropics.[11] It is most frequent in sunny habitats with wet, acidic soils.[12] In marshes and savannas, Rhynchospora may be the dominant form of vegetation.
Taxonomy

Contemporary taxonomic treatments include Rhynchospora and the related genus Pleurostachys in the tribe Rhynchosporae, a well-supported clade within Cyperaceae.[13] The most comprehensive monograph of the genus [14] divides Rhynchospora into two subgenera and 29 sections. A recent molecular analysis [15] identifies two primary clades within the genus, with well-supported subgroups that agree with several of the sections identified by Kükenthal. However, this molecular analysis also suggests that Pleurostachys is embedded within one of the primary clades of Rhynchospora and that several of the recognized sections are not monophyletic.

Selected species

Rhynchospora alba - White beak-sedge. Europe, North America
Rhynchospora caduca - Southeast North America
Rhynchospora californica - California beaked-rush, occurring in Marin and Sonoma County, California
Rhynchospora capillacea - Slender beakrush. Eastern North America
Rhynchospora capitellata - Brownish beak-sedge
Rhynchospora colorata - White star sedge. Southeast North America.
Rhynchospora fusca - Brown beak-sedge. Europe.
Rhynchospora glomerata - Clustered beak-sedge. North America.[16]
Rhynchospora inexpansa - Southeastern North America and West Indies
Rhynchospora knieskernii - Knieskern's beak-sedge.
Rhynchospora longisetis
Rhynchospora macrostachya - Tall horned beaksedge. Eastern North America.
Rhynchospora megalocarpa - Southeastern United States
Rhynchospora megaplumosa - Florida
Rhynchospora nervosa - Tropical New World.
Rhynchospora rariflora - Southeastern North America, West Indies, Central America
Rhynchospora scirpoides - North America
Rhynchospora waspamensis - New World.

References

Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2005). Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 52: 1-415.
Strong, M.T. (2006). Taxonomy and distribution of Rhynchospora (Cyperaceae) in the Guianas, South America. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 53: 1-225.
Govaerts, R. & Simpson, D.A. (2007). World Checklist of Cyperaceae. Sedges: 1-765. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Flora of China, Vol. 23 Page 253, 刺子莞属 ci zi guan shu, Rhynchospora Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 229. 1805.
Flora of North America, Vol. 23 Page 200, Rhynchospora Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 229. 1805 (as Rynchospora)
Gale, S. 1944. Rhynchospora sect. Eurhynchospora in Canada, the United States and the West Indies. Rhodora 46: 80–134, 159–197, 255–278.
Kral, R. 1996. Supplemental notes on Rhynchospora crinipes and related species in sect. Fuscae (Cyperaceae). Sida 17: 385–411.
Kükenthal, G. 1949–1951. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Rhynchosporoideae 18. Rhynchospora Vahl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 74: 375–509; 75: 90–115, 273–314, 451–497.
Thomas, W. W. 1994. 1. Rhynchospora Vahl. 6: 404–422. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater (eds.) Flora Mesoamericana. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F.
Thomas, W.W. 1992. A synopsis of Rhynchospora (Cyperaceae) in Mesoamerica. Brittonia 44:14–44.
Kral, R. 2002. Rhynchospora. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 15+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23 pp. 200-239.
Muasya, A. M., J. Bruhl, D. A. Simpson, A. Culham and M. W. Chase. 2000. Suprageneric phylogeny of Cyperaceae: A combined analysis. pp. 593–601. In: K. Wilson and D. Morrison (eds.) Monocots: Systematics and Evolution. CSIRO: Melbourne.
Kükenthal, G. 1949-1951. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Rhynchosporoideae. Rhynchospora. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 74, 75
Thomas W.W., A.C. Araujo, and M.V. Alves. 2009. A Preliminary Molecular Phylogeny of the Rhynchosporae (Cyperaceae). Botanical Review 75:22-29.
Rhynchospora glomerata (L.) Vahl USDA Plants Profile. 23 Nov 2011