Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Gastropoda
Subclassis: Caenogastropoda
Ordo: Neogastropoda
Superfamilia: Conoidea
Familia: Drilliidae
Genera (35 + 2†): Acinodrillia – Agladrillia – Bellaspira – Calliclava – Cerodrillia – Clathrodrillia – Clavus – Conopleura – Crassopleura – Cruziturricula – Cymatosyrinx – Decoradrillia – Douglassia – Drillia – Elaeocyma – Eumetadrillia – Fenimorea – Fusiturricula – Globidrillia – Hauturua – Imaclava – Iredalea – Kylix – Leptadrillia – Lissodrillia – Neodrillia – Orrmaesia – Paracuneus – Plagiostropha – Sedilia – Spirotropis – Splendrillia – Stenodrillia – Syntomodrillia – Wairarapa – †Nitidiclavus – †Pleurofusia
Name
Drilliidae Olsson, 1964
Synonyms
Clavidae T. L. Casey, 1904 (Invalid: junior homonym of Clavidae McCrady, 1859 [Cnidaria]
References
Links
Drilliidae in the World Register of Marine Species
The Drilliidae are a taxonomic family of small predatory sea snails with high-spired shells. They are classified as marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.[2]
This family has no subfamilies. It consists of about 30 genera and approximately 500 Recent species.
Description
The shell is claviform with a tall spire, or squatly conical to biconical. In many species, the siphonal canal is truncated. The aperture is U-shaped with a parietal callus pad.
The sculpture of the shell shows prominent axial ribs with a polished surface. Most species have a dorsal varix (transverse elevation), except in the genera Cymatosyrinx, Elaeocyma and Splendrillia. The protoconch can be smooth or very carinate. The ovate operculum has a terminal nucleus.[3]
The radula of the species in this family have characteristically five teeth in each row (formula : 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1) with a vestigial central tooth, comb-like lateral teeth and a pair of flat-pointed, slender marginal teeth.[4]
The foregut structure of the anterior alimentary system has the least derived foregut anatomy of all the families in the superfamily Conoidea.[5]
Distribution
This family has wide distribution, ranging from Iceland to the Antarctic Ocean, found at intertidal to abyssal depths. This is reflected in the variability in larval shells and the size of the shell (from a few millimetres to 6 cm) and the characteristics of the protoconch and the teleoconch.[6]
Taxonomic history
The genera in this family were originally separated from the subfamily Clavitulinae and classified by H.& A. Adams (1858) under subfamily Turritinae, because their operculum has a terminal instead of a central nucleus. In 1942, the species with a U-shaped sinus and a parietal callus pad were brought by Powell in the new subfamily Clavinae. In 1966, Morrison proposed the subfamily Drillinae (= Clavinae) for the species with a stenoglossan radula with comb-like lateral teeth. Finally, in 1993, Taylor et al. proposed the promotion of Drillinae from subfamily to the family level Drilliidae.[3][7]
Taxonomy
Genera in the family Drilliidae include:[1]
Acinodrillia Kilburn, 1988
Agladrillia Woodring, 1928
Bellaspira Conrad, 1868
Calliclava McLean, 1971
Cerodrillia Bartsch & Rehder, 1939
Clathrodrillia Dall, 1918
Clavus Montfort, 1810
Conopleura Hinds, 1844
Crassopleura Monterosato, 1884
Cruziturricula Marks, 1951
Cymatosyrinx Dall, 1889
Decoradrillia Fallon, 2016
Douglassia Bartsch, 1934
Drillia Gray, 1838
Elaeocyma Dall, 1918
Eumetadrillia Woodring, 1928
Fenimorea Bartsch, 1934
Fusiturricula Woodring, 1928
Globidrillia Woodring, 1928
Hauturua Powell, 1942
Imaclava Bartsch, 1944
Iredalea Oliver, 1915
Kylix Dall, 1919
Leptadrillia Woodring, 1928
Lissodrillia Bartsch & Rehder, 1943
Neodrillia Bartsch, 1943
Orrmaesia Kilburn, 1988
Paracuneus Laseron, 1954
Plagiostropha Melvill, 1927
† Pleurofusia de Gregorio, 1890
Sedilia Fargo, 1953
Spirotropis Sars, 1878
Splendrillia Hedley, 1922
Stenodrillia Korobkov, 1955
Syntomodrillia Hedley, 1922
Wairarapa Vella, 1954
Genera brought into synonymy
Brephodrillia Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: synonym of Iredalea
Clavicantha Swainson, 1840: synonym of Clavus Montfort, 1810
Eldridgea Bartsch, 1934: synonym of Clavus Montfort, 1810
Fusisyrinx Bartsch, 1934: synonym of Fusiturricula Woodring, 1928
Tylotia Melvill, 1917: synonym of Clavus Montfort, 1810
Tylotiella Habe, 1958: synonym of Clavus Montfort, 1810
Genera moved to other families
Austroclavus (unassigned to a family within Conoidea)
Brachytoma moved to the family Pseudomelatomidae
Sediliopsis Petuch, 1988 : moved to the family Pseudomelatomidae
References
WoRMS (2010). Drilliidae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=23032 on1 September 2011
Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P. (2005). "Classification and Nomenclator of Gastropod Families". Malacologia. 47 (1–2).
Chen-Kwoh Chang, Small Turrids of Taiwan, Chapter 3 , History and Taxonomy of the Clavidae; June 1, 2001[permanent dead link]
Kantor, Yuri I; John D.Taylor (2000). "Formation of marginal radular teeth in Conoidea (Neogastropoda) and the evolution of the hypodermic envenomation mechanism". Journal of Zoology. Cambridge University Press. 252 (2): 251–262. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00620.x.
Brian Morton, The Malacofauna of Hong Kong and southern China
Andrea Nappo, Xabier Rey, Daniel Pellegrini, Giuseppe Bonomolo & Fabio Crocetta, Revisiting the disjunct distribution of Conopleura Hinds, 1844 (Mollusca:Gastropoda: Drilliidae); Zootaxa 4392 (3): 567–587]
Taylor, J.D., Kantor, Y.I& Sysoev, A.V.,1993 . Foregut anatomy, feeding mechanisms, relationships and classification of the Conoidea (=Toxoglossas) (Gastropoda) Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Lond .(Zool) 5(2): 125-170
The Taxonomicon
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