Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Laurasiatheria
Cladus: Scrotifera
Ordo: Chiroptera
Subordo: Yinpterochiroptera
Superfamilia: Rhinolophoidea
Familia: Rhinolophidae
Genus: Rhinolophus
Species: Rhinolophus euryale
Subspecies: R. e. euryale – R. e. judaicus
Name
Hipposideros euryale Blasius, 1853
Type locality: Italy, Milan.
Synonyms
algirus Loche, 1867
References
Rhinolophus euryale in Mammal Species of the World.
Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (Editors) 2005. Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
Blasius, 1853. Arch. Naturgesch., 19(1): 49.
Distribution
Mediterranean
Vernacular names
English: Mediterranean Horseshoe Bat
español: Murciélago mediterráneo de herradura
galego: Morcego mediterráneo de ferradura
magyar: Kereknyergű patkósdenevér
հայերեն: Պայտաքիթ հարավային
português: morcego-de-ferradura-mediterrânico
The Mediterranean horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus euryale) is a species of insectivorous bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is found in the Mediterranean region and Balkan peninsula, as well as parts of Italy.
Physical characteristics
The head and body are normally between 43 and 58 millimetres (1.7 and 2.3 in), with a 22–30 millimetres (0.87–1.18 in) tail. The wingspan of R. euryale is between 30 and 32 centimetres (12 and 13 in), with a standard weight between 8 and 17.5 grams (0.28 and 0.62 oz). The upper connecting process is pointed and slightly bent downwards, and is distinctly longer than the lower connecting process, which is broadly rounded when seen from below.
The fur is fluffy, with a light grey base. The dorsal side is grey-brown, with sometimes a slight reddish tinge, while the ventral side is grey-white or yellow-white.[2]
Biology and behaviour
There is little known information about the Mediterranean horseshoe bat's reproductive cycle. Nurseries normally hold between 50 and 400 females, with males sometimes present. The colonies in the summer and winter are very large and they are surrounded by small satellite colonies. The main colonies are in caves and can include over 5,000 animals, the satellite colonies include dozens to hundreds of animals. In the summer, colonies are mixed with other species. In Bulgaria the Mediterranean Horseshoe bat is living with the Blasius's horseshoe bat and the Mehely's horseshoe bat. The species is very sensitive to disturbance. The birth occurs from mid-June or July. At the age of four weeks, the young become independent. Females give their first birth at the age of 2–3 years. Mating takes place in the Autumn in caves, but may continue in the winter roosts.[3]
Conservation
As of 2016, the Mediterranean Horseshoe bat is listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List with reports of general population decline in the last 27 years.[4] The general population decline is attributed to the increase in agriculture and urbanization causing the loss of vegetation R. euryale uses to forage for insects.[4] R. euryale mainly roost in caves and underground shelters, making them prone to disturbances from caving or cave tourism. Protecting their roosting sites is considered an important long term conservation strategy.[5]
References
Juste, J.; Alcaldé, J. (2016). "Rhinolophus euryale". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19516A21971185. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T19516A21971185.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
Schober, Wilfried; Eckard Grimmberger (1989). Dr. Robert E. Stebbings (ed.). A Guide to Bats of Britain and Europe (1st ed.). UK: Hamlyn Publishing Group. ISBN 0-600-56424-X.
"Rhinolophus euryale", Science for Nature Foundation
IUCN (2016-04-25). "Rhinolophus euryale: Juste, J. & Alcaldé, J.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T19516A21971185". doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-2.rlts.t19516a21971185.en. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Russo, Danilo; Jones, Gareth; Migliozzi, Antonello (September 2002). "Habitat selection by the Mediterranean horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus euryale (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) in a rural area of southern Italy and implications for conservation". Biological Conservation. 107 (1): 71–81. Bibcode:2002BCons.107...71R. doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00047-2.
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