Rhinolophus clivosus

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Laurasiatheria
Cladus: Scrotifera
Ordo: Chiroptera
Subordo: Yinpterochiroptera
Superfamilia: Rhinolophoidea

Familia: Rhinolophidae
Genus: Rhinolophus
Species: Rhinolophus clivosus
Subspecies: R. c. acrotis – R. c. augur – R. c. brachygnathus – R. c. clivosus – R. c. keniensis – R. c. schwarzi – R. c. zuluensis
Name

Rhinolophus clivosus Cretzschmar, 1828

Type locality: Saudi Arabia, Red Sea Coast.
References

Rhinolophus clivosus in Mammal Species of the World.
Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (Editors) 2005. Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
Cretzschmar. 1828. In Rnppell, Atlas zu der reise im nordlicihen Afrika, Zool. SSugeth.: 47.

Distribution

Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen, Egypt, Libya, Algeria, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, Dem. Rep. Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Malawi, Angola, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Swaziland, Namibia.

Vernacular names
English: Geoffroy's Horseshoe Bat

Geoffroy's horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus clivosus) is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae found in Africa. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation, caves and other subterranean habitats, and hot deserts.
Taxonomy

Geoffroy's horseshoe bat was described as a new species in 1828 by German scientist Philipp Jakob Cretzschmar.[2] The holotype was collected in Mohila, Saudi Arabia.[3] In 2012, Rhinolophus clivosus was split into an additional species with the recognition of Rhinolophus horaceki.[4] Further division may occur, as the same 2012 studynoted five distinct genetic lineages within R. clivosus.[1]
Description

It is considered medium-sized for an African horseshoe bat, with forearm lengths of 42–59 mm (1.7–2.3 in) and weights of 10–25 g (0.35–0.88 oz).[3]
Biology and ecology

It has one breeding season each year. Gestation length is around 3.5 months, after which one offspring is born. Differing levels of sociality have been observed. In Algeria, individuals roost alone or in small groups less than 50 individuals. In southern Africa and Malawi, however, groups of up to 10,000 individuals have been documented roosting together in a colony. Roosts are typically mixed sex, as females do not form maternity colonies to raise young.[3]
Range

Geoffroy's horseshoe bat occurs widely throughout Africa, with its range extending into the Arabian Peninsula. It is found in a variety of habitats, including desert, savanna woodland, Mediterranean shrubland, and grassland.[1]
References

Monadjem, A.; Taylor, P.J.; Jacobs, D.; Kock, D.; Amr, Z.S.S.; Cotterill, F.P.D. (2017). "Rhinolophus clivosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T19531A21980500. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T19531A21980500.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
Cretzschmar, P. J. (1828). "Säugethiere". Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika [Atlas of the journey in northern Africa] (in German). Vol. 1826–1828. pp. 47–48.
Bernard, R. T. F.; Happold, M. (2013). Kingdon, J.; Happold, D.; Butynski, T.; Hoffmann, M.; Happold, M.; Kalina, J. (eds.). Mammals of Africa. Vol. 4. A&C Black. pp. 316–318. ISBN 9781408189962.
Benda, P.; Vallo, P. (2012). "New look on the geographical variation in Rhinolophus clivosus with description of a new horseshoe bat species from Cyrenaica, Libya". Vespertilio. 16: 69–96. S2CID 85814849.