Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Euarchontoglires
Ordo: Rodentiaa
Subordo: Myomorpha
Superfamilia: Muroidea
Familia: Muridae
Subfamilia: Murinae
Tribus: Rattini
Genus: Rattus
Species: R. adustus – R. andamanensis – R. annandalei – R. arfakiensis – . argentiventer – R. arrogans – R. baluensis – R. blangorum – R. bontanus – R. burruR. burruss – R. colletti – R. detentus – R. elaphinus – R. enganus – R. everetti – R. exulans – R. feileri – R. feliceus – R. foersteri – R. fuscipes – R. giluwensis – R. hainaldi – R. halmaheraensis – R. hoffmanni – R. hoogerwerfi – R. jobiensis – R. koopmani – R. korinchi – R. leucopus – R. losea – R. lugens – R. lutreolus – †R. macleari – R. marmosurus – R. mindorensis – R. mollicomulus – R. montanus – R. mordax – R. morotaiensis – †R. nativitatis – R. nikenii – R. niobe – R. nitidus – R. norvegicus – R. novaeguineae – R. ombirah – R. omichlodes – R. osgoodi – R. palmarum – R. pelurus – R. pococki – R. praetor – R. pyctoris – R. ranjiniae – R. rattus – R. richardsoni – R. salocco – R. sanila – R. satarae – R. simalurensis – R. sordidus – R. steini – R. stoicus – R. taliabuensis – R. tanezumi – R. tawitawiensis – R. timorensis – R. tiomanicus – R. tunneyi – R. unicolor – R. vandeuseni – R. verecundus – R. villosissimus – R. xanthurus
R. adustus - R. andamanensis - R. annandalei - R. arfakiensis - R. argentiventer - R. arrogans - R. baluensis - R. blangorum - R. bontanus - R. burrus - R. colletti - R. elaphinus - R. enganus - R. everetti - R. exulans - R. feliceus - R. fuscipes - R. giluwensis - R. hainaldi - R. hoffmani - R. hoogerwerfi - R. jobiensis - R. koopmani - R. korinchi - R. leucopus - R. losea - R. lugens - R. lutreolus - R. macleari - R. marmosurus - R. mindorensis - R. mollicomulus - R. montanus - R. mordax - R. morotaiensis - †R. nativitatis - R. niobe - R. nitidus - R. norvegicus
Name
Rattus Fischer von Waldheim, 1803
Type species: Mus decumanus Pallas, 1779
Synonyms
Acanthomys Gray, 1867
Christomys Sody, 1941
Cironomys Sody, 1941
Epimys Trouessart, 1881
Geromys Sody, 1941
Mollicomys Sody, 1941
Octomys Sody, 1941
Pullomys Sody, 1941
Rattus Frisch, 1775
Stenomys Thomas, 1910
Togomys Dieterlen, 1989
References
Primary references
Template:Fischer von Waldheim, 1803
Additional references
Helgen, K.M. 2006. A taxonomic and geographic overview of the mammals of Papua. The Ecology of Papua. Singapore: Periplus Editions. pp. 689–749.
Maryanto, I.; Sinaga, M.H.; Achmadi, A.S.; Maharadatunkamsi 2010. Morphometric Variation of Rattus praetor (Thomas, 1888) Complex from Papua, with the description of new species Rattus from Gag island. Treubia 37: 25–48.
Thomson, V., Wiewel, A., Chinen, A., Maryanto, I., Sinaga, M.H., How, R., Aplin, K.P. & Suzuki, H. 2018. A perspective for resolving the systematics of Rattus, the vertebrates with the most influence on human welfare. Zootaxa 4459(3): 431–452. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.3.2 Paywall Reference page.
Fabre, P.-H., Miguez, R.P., Holden, M.E., Fitriana, Y.S., Semiadi, G., Musser, G.G. & Helgen, K.M. 2023. Review of Moluccan Rattus (Rodentia: Muridae) with description of four new species. Records of the Australian Museum 75(5): 673–718. DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.75.2023.1783 Open access Reference page.
Fabre, P.-H., Miguez, R.P., Holden, M.E., Fitriana, Y.S., Semiadi, G., Musser, G.G. & Helgen, K.M. 2024. A replacement name for the endemic Rattus (Muridae, Mammalia) of the island of Obi, Indonesia. Records of the Australian Museum 76(2): 131–132. DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.76.2024.1899 Open access Reference page.
Vernacular names
Afrikaans: Rot
ak: Ekra
Alemannisch: Ratte
aragonés: Rata
العربية: جرذ
azərbaycanca: Siçovul
Boarisch: Rotzen
башҡортса: Ҡомаҡ
беларуская: Пацук
български: Плъх
বাংলা: ইঁদুর
brezhoneg: Razh
bosanski: Pacov
català: Rata
čeština: Krysa
dansk: Rotte
Deutsch: Ratten
Ελληνικά: Αρουραίος
English: Rat
Esperanto: Rato
español: Rata
eesti: Rott
euskara: Arratoi
فارسی: خرموش
suomi: Rotat
Nordfriisk: Rooten
français: Rat
Frysk: Rôt
Gaeilge: Francach
galego: Rata
עברית: חולדה
hrvatski: Štakor
magyar: Patkány
հայերեն: Առնետներ
Bahasa Indonesia: Tikus
íslenska: Rotta
italiano: Ratto
日本語: クマネズミ属
қазақша: Егеуқұйрық
lietuvių: Žiurkė
latviešu: Žurka
македонски: Стаорец
Bahasa Melayu: Tikus
Plattdüütsch: Rott
Nederlands: Rat
norsk nynorsk: Rotte
norsk: Rotte
Diné bizaad: Łéʼétsoh
polski: Szczur
português: Ratazana
Runa Simi: Hatun ukucha
română: Șobolan
русский: Крыса
Scots: Ratton
slovenčina: Potkan
slovenščina: Podgana
српски / srpski: Пацов
svenska: Råtta
ไทย: หนู
Türkçe: Sıçan, Lağım faresi, Keme
українська: Пацюк
Tiếng Việt: Chuột cống
walon: Rat
中文: 大家鼠
Rattus is a genus of muroid rodents, all typically called rats. However, the term rat can also be applied to rodent species outside of this genus.
Species and description
The best-known Rattus species are the black rat (R. rattus) and the brown rat (R. norvegicus). The group is generally known as the Old World rats or true rats and originated in Asia. Rats are bigger than most Old World mice, which are their relatives, but seldom weigh over 500 grams (1.1 lb) in the wild.
Taxonomy of Rattus
The genus Rattus is a member of the giant subfamily Murinae. Several other murine genera are sometimes considered part of Rattus: Lenothrix, Anonymomys, Sundamys, Kadarsanomys, Diplothrix, Margaretamys, Lenomys, Komodomys, Palawanomys, Bunomys, Nesoromys, Stenomys, Taeromys, Paruromys, Abditomys, Tryphomys, Limnomys, Tarsomys, Bullimus, Apomys, Millardia, Srilankamys, Niviventer, Maxomys, Leopoldamys, Berylmys, Mastomys, Myomys, Praomys, Hylomyscus, Heimyscus, Stochomys, Dephomys and Aethomys.[citation needed]
The genus Rattus proper contains 64 extant species. A subgeneric breakdown of the species has been proposed, but does not include all species.[2]
Species
Genus Rattus – Typical rats
incertae sedis
Enggano rat (Rattus enganus) – Indonesia (potentially extinct)
Philippine forest rat (Rattus everetti) – the Philippines
Polynesian rat or kiore (Rattus exulans) – originally native to Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Indonesia, but now introduced throughout the Pacific (including most Polynesian, Melanesian, and Micronesian islands, most notably Fiji, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand, Easter Island and Hawaii), as well as the Philippines, Brunei, and Singapore, origin uncertain in Taiwan
Hainald's rat (Rattus hainaldi) – Indonesia
Hoogerwerf's rat (Rattus hoogerwerfi) – Indonesia
Korinch's rat (Rattus korinchi) – Indonesia
†Maclear's rat (Rattus macleari) – Christmas Island (now extinct)
Nillu rat (Rattus montanus) – Sri Lanka
Molaccan prehensile-tailed rat (Rattus morotaiensis) – Indonesia
†Bulldog rat (Rattus nativitatis) – Christmas Island (now extinct)
Kerala rat (Rattus ranjiniae) – India
New Ireland forest rat (Rattus sanila) (potentially extinct)
Andaman rat (Rattus stoicus) – the Andaman Islands, India
Timor rat (Rattus timorensis) – Timor
R. norvegicus group
Himalayan field rat (Rattus nitidus) – originally native to Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam (presence uncertain in Bangladesh), but now introduced to Indonesia, the Philippines, and Palau
Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) – originally native to southeast Siberia, northeast China, and parts of Japan, but now introduced worldwide except Antarctica
Turkestan rat (Rattus pyctoris; obs. Rattus turkestanicus) – Afghanistan, China, India, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal and Pakistan
R. rattus group
Sunburned rat (Rattus adustus) – Enggano Island, Indonesia
Sikkim rat (Rattus andamanensis) – Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand and Vietnam
Ricefield rat (Rattus argentiventer) – Southeast Asia
Summit rat (Rattus baluensis) – Malaysia
Aceh rat (Rattus blangorum) – Indonesia
Nonsense rat (Rattus burrus) – Nicobar Islands, India
Hoffmann's rat (Rattus hoffmanni) – Indonesia
Koopman's rat (Rattus koopmani) – Indonesia
Lesser ricefield rat (Rattus losea) – China, Laos, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam
Mentawai rat (Rattus lugens) – Indonesia
Mindoro black rat (Rattus mindorensis) – the Philippines
Little soft-furred rat (Rattus mollicomulus) – Indonesia
Osgood's rat (Rattus osgoodi) – Vietnam
Palm rat (Rattus palmarum) – Nicobar Islands, India
Black rat (Rattus rattus) – originally native to western India and Pakistan, but now introduced worldwide except Antarctica
Little Indochinese field rat (Rattus sakeratensis) – Thailand and Laos
Sahyadris forest rat (Rattus satarae) – India
Simalur rat (Rattus simalurensis) – Indonesia
Tanezumi rat (Rattus tanezumi) – Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam
Tawitawi forest rat (Rattus tawitawiensis) – the Philippines
Malayan field rat (Rattus tiomanicus) – Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand
R. xanthurus group
Bonthain rat (Rattus bontanus; obs. Rattus foramineus) – Indonesia
Lore Lindu xanthurus rat (Rattus facetus) – Indonesia
Opossum rat (Rattus marmosurus) – Indonesia
Peleng rat (Rattus pelurus) – Indonesia
Southeastern xanthurus rat (Rattus salocco) – Indonesia
Yellow-tailed rat (Rattus xanthurus) – Indonesia
R. leucopus group (New Guinean group)
Vogelkop mountain rat (Rattus arfakiensis)
Western New Guinea mountain rat (Rattus arrogans)
Manus Island spiny rat (Rattus detentus) – Papua New Guinea
Sula rat (Rattus elaphinus) – Indonesia
Spiny Ceram rat (Rattus feliceus) – Indonesia
Giluwe rat (Rattus giluwensis) – Papua New Guinea
Japen rat (Rattus jobiensis) – Indonesia
Cape York rat (Rattus leucopus) – Australia, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea
Eastern rat (Rattus mordax) – Papua New Guinea
Gag Island rat (Rattus nikenii) – Indonesia
Moss-forest rat (Rattus niobe) – Indonesia and Papua New Guinea
New Guinean rat (Rattus novaeguineae) – Papua New Guinea
Arianus's rat (Rattus omichlodes) – Indonesia
Pocock’s highland rat (Rattus pococki) – Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Large New Guinea spiny rat (Rattus praetor) – Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands
Glacier rat (Rattus richardsoni) – Indonesia
Stein's rat (Rattus steini) – Indonesia and Papua New Guinea
Van Deusen's rat (Rattus vandeuseni) – Papua New Guinea
Slender rat (Rattus verecundus) – Indonesia and Papua New Guinea
R. fuscipes group (Australian group)
Dusky rat (Rattus colletti) – Australia
Bush rat (Rattus fuscipes) – Australia
Australian swamp rat (Rattus lutreolus) – Australia
Dusky field rat (Rattus sordidus) – Australia, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea
Pale field rat (Rattus tunneyi) – Australia
Long-haired rat (Rattus villosissimus) – Australia
Phylogeny
The following phylogeny of selected Rattus species is from Pagès, et al. (2010).[3]
|
Fossil species
In contrast to the large number of living species, as of 2024, just four fossil species have been placed in Rattus proper:[4]
Rattus baoshanensis - Late Pliocene China
Rattus jaegeri - Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene Thailand
Rattus pristinus - Early Pleistocene China
Rattus miyakoensis - Late Pleistocene Japan[5]
References
"Rattus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
Thomson, Vicki; Wiewel, Andrew; Chinen, Aldo; Maryanto, Ibnu; Sinaga, M. H.; How, Ric; Aplin, Ken; Suzuki, Hitoshi (2018). "A perspective for resolving the systematics of Rattus, the vertebrates with the most influence on human welfare". Zootaxa. 4459 (3): 431–452. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4459.3.2. PMID 30314119. S2CID 52975664.
Pagès, Marie; Chaval, Yannick; Herbreteau, Vincent; Waengsothorn, Surachit; Cosson, Jean-François; Hugot, Jean-Pierre; Morand, Serge; Michaux, Johan (2010). "Revisiting the taxonomy of the Rattini tribe: a phylogeny-based delimitation of species boundaries". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10 (1): 184. Bibcode:2010BMCEE..10..184P. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-184. PMC 2906473. PMID 20565819.
Chang, M.; Zhang, C.; et al. (January 2023). "A new Rattus species and its associated micromammals from the Pliocene Yangyi Formation in Baoshan, Western Yunnan, China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 43 (1): e2249063. doi:10.1080/02724634.2023.2249063.
Kawaguchi, S.; Kaneko, Y.; Hasegawa, Y. (2009). "A new species of the fossil murine rodent from the Pinza-Abu Cave, the Miyako Island of the Ryukyo Archipelago, Japan". Bulletin of Gunma Museum of Natural History. 13: 15–28. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
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