Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Laurasiatheria
Cladus: Scrotifera
Ordo: Chiroptera
Subordo: Yinpterochiroptera
Familia: Pteropodidae
Subfamilia: Pteropodinae
Tribus: Pteropodini
Genus: Pteropus
Species: Pteropus macrotis
Subspecies: P. m. epularius – P. m. macrotis
Name
Pteropus macrotis Peters, 1867
Type locality: Indonesia, Aru Islands, Wokam Island.
References
Peters. 1867. Monatsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1867: 327.
Conservation status: IUCN Red List
Distribution
New Guinea
Aru Islands (Indonesia)
Boigu Island (Australia)
Vernacular names
English: Big-eared Flying Fox.
The big-eared flying fox (Pteropus macrotis) is a species of bat in the family Pteropodidae, larger bats who subsist largely on fruits. The species is distributed across a range in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and islands nearing the Cape York Peninsula at the northeast of Australia, at elevations less than 500 metres and often in coastal mangroves.[1]
Taxonomy and etymology
Pteropus macrotis was described as a new species in 1867 by German naturalist Wilhelm Peters. The holotype had been collected on the Indonesian island of Buru.[2] Its species name "macrotis" comes from Ancient Greek makrós meaning "long" and oûs meaning "ear".[3]
P. macrotis is also referred to by the common name large-eared flying-fox.[4]
Description
Distinguished in the region as a smaller species of the Pteropus genus, their forearm length ranges from 143 to 157 millimetres.[5] The pelage is uniformly dark brown, but for yellowish coloration at the mantle and highlights of the ventral fur. The ears of P. macrotis are distinctly elongated to a fine point, the length from notch to tip is 30 to 37 mm. A range in length of the head and body combined is recorded as 180 to 240 mm, their mass is from 315 to 425 grams.[4]
Biology and ecology
Its diet consists of plant matter such as fruit and flower blossoms, including the blossoms of coconut trees.[6] It has been known to be infected by the blood parasite Mycoplasma mariboi, a kind of Rickettsiales.[7]
Range and habitat
It is found on the island of New Guinea, appearing in both Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. It also occurs on the island of Salawati (Indonesia), Boigu (Australia), Saibai (Australia), and the Aru Islands (Indonesia). It is generally found at elevations below 500 m (1,600 ft) above sea level. It is associated with forested habitat, including tropical moist forest, dry forest, and monsoon forest.[1]
References
Leary, T.; Helgen, K. (2020). "Pteropus macrotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18735A22082074. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T18735A22082074.en. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
Peters, W. (1867). "Über die Flederhunde, Pteropi., und insbesondere über die Arten der Gattung Pteropus s. s" [About the bats, Pteropi., And in particular about the species of the genus Pteropus s. s]. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussische Akademie des Wissenschaften zu Berlin (in German): 327–329.
Palmer, T. S. (1904). "Index Generum Mammalium: A List of the Genera and Families of Mammals". North American Fauna (23). Fish and Wildlife Service: 395. "macrotis ear."
Menkhorst, P.W.; Knight, F. (2011). A field guide to the mammals of Australia (3rd ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press. p. 144. ISBN 9780195573954.
Flannery, T. (1995). Mammals of the South-West Pacific & Moluccan Islands. Cornell University Press. p. 184. ISBN 978-0801431500.
"Large-eared Flying-fox". Australian Museum. 29 November 2018. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
Ewers, W. H. (1971). "Eperythrozoon mariboi sp.nov., (Protophyta: Order Rickettsiales) a parasite of red blood cells of the flying fox Pteropus macrotis epularius in New Guinea". Parasitology. 63 (2): 261–9. doi:10.1017/s0031182000079579. PMID 4943095.
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