Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Laurasiatheria
Cladus: Scrotifera
Ordo: Chiroptera
Subordo: Yinpterochiroptera
Familia: Pteropodidae
Subfamilia: Pteropodinae
Tribus: Pteropodini
Genus: Pteropus
Species: Pteropus lylei
Name
Pteropus lylei K. Andersen, 1908
Type locality: Thailand, Bangkok.
References
K. Andersen. 1908. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 8, 2: 367.
Conservation status: IUCN Red List
Giannini, N.P. et al. 2013: The internal nasal skeleton of the bat Pteropus lylei K. Andersen, 1908 (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae). Annals of Carnegie Museum, 81(1): 1–17. DOI: 10.2992/007.081.0101 Reference page.
Distribution
Thailand
Vietnam
Cambodia
Vernacular names
Deutsch: Lyle-Flughund, Hinterindischer Flughund
English: Lyle's Flying Fox
Lyle's flying fox[1] (Pteropus lylei) is a species of flying fox in the family Pteropodidae. It is found in Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam, with an outlying population in Yunnan, China. It faces persecution from farmers and it is killed for bushmeat in parts of its range.[2] The International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being "vulnerable".
Description
Lyle's flying fox is a moderate-sized species. It has a long snout, large eyes, pointed ears and a fox-like face. The upper parts are mostly blackish apart from a broad collar of orange fur and sometimes a dark brown or yellowish-brown lower body. The wings are black or dark brown, while the underparts are dark brownish-black.[3]
Distribution and habitat
Lyle's flying fox is endemic to the countries in southern Asia adjoining the Gulf of Thailand, its range extending from southern Thailand through central and southern Cambodia to the extreme southwestern part of Vietnam. It has also been detected in Yunnan Province in China. It is gregarious and roosts in tropical and sub-tropical forest, mangrove forests and can also occur in plantations and secondary forests.[1]
A colony of thousands of bats consisting of this species, mixed with the large flying fox, is to be found at the Bat Pagoda (Khmer Chùa Dơi) in Sóc Trăng city in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. Here the bats roost in trees in the grounds of the temple and are protected by the monks.[4]
Ecology
Like other flying foxes, Lyle's flying fox feeds on fruit; its diet is known to include mango, cashew, monkey jack, sapodilla, dragonfruit, Java apple, tamarind, jambolan and roseapple.[5] It chews the fruit and spits out most of the seeds, but some seeds are swallowed and pass through the bat, resulting in their dispersal. The bat also feeds on flowers, nectar and pollen.[3] While foraging they visit orchards, and may fly 50 km (31 mi) between roosts.[1]
The bats feed nocturnally but the roosting colony, high in trees, is quite active during the day, with mothers feeding their young and the bats moving around and vocalizing.[3] This bat is a reservoir for the Nipah virus, the causal agent of a newly emerged neurological and respiratory disease which was first reported in 1998. The virus is harmless in bats but can cause a fatal disease in pigs and humans.[3]
Status
The trees in which Lyle's flying fox roosts may become denuded of leaves and the bats may be threatened when the trees die, if they have not been replaced by new plantings. Another threat the bats face is hunting in Thailand and Cambodia and persecution by farmers across their range trying to protect their orchards. The International Union for Conservation of Nature estimates that populations have declined by more than 30% within the last fifteen years and has rated the conservation status of this flying fox as "vulnerable".[1]
References
Waldien, D.L.; Tsang, S.M. (2021). "Pteropus lylei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T18734A22082429. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T18734A22082429.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
Mickleburgh, S., Waylen, K., & Racey, P. (2009). Bats as bushmeat: a global review. Oryx, 43(02), 217–234.
"Lyle's flying fox (Pteropus lylei)". ARKive. Archived from the original on 2018-11-08. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
Voigt, Christian C.; Kingston, Tigga (2015). Bats in the Anthropocene: Conservation of Bats in a Changing World. Springer. p. 509. ISBN 978-3-319-25220-9.
Voigt, Christian C.; Kingston, Tigga (2015). Bats in the Anthropocene: Conservation of Bats in a Changing World. Springer. pp. 380–389. ISBN 978-3-319-25220-9.
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