Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Euarchontoglires
Ordo: Rodentiaa
Subordo: Hystricomorpha
Infraordo: Hystricognathi
Parvordo: Phiomorpha
Classis: Mammalia
Ordo: Rodentiaa
Infraordo: Hystricognathi
Parvordo: Phiomorpha
Familiae: Bathyergidae – Hystricidae – Petromuridae – Thryonomyidae – †Bathyergoididae – †Diamantomyidae – †Kenyamyidae – †Myophiomyidae – †Phiomyidae
Genera incertae sedis: †Kahawamys
The rodent parvorder or infraorder Phiomorpha comprises several living and extinct families found wholly or largely in Africa. Along with Anomaluromorpha and perhaps the extinct Zegdoumyidae, it represents one of the few early colonizations of Africa by rodents.
During the Oligocene, Africa was not connected to any of the other continents. The predominant theory suggests that rodents first evolved in Laurasia, and expanded outward from there. Although Europe, Asia, and North America were distinct landmasses during much of the Eocene and Oligocene, they experienced intermittent migration events across the shallow sea separating Europe and Asia, via an ice-free Greenland (Europe and North America), or across Beringia (North America and Asia). The southern continents were much more isolated leading to the unique faunas of Australia, South America, and to a lesser degree Africa.
Although the hystricognath rodents may have evolved from an early entodacryan ancestor in Asia, they migrated to Africa soon after. Phiomorpha represents the clade that evolved as a result. Although once diverse, this infraorder is now restricted to the Old World porcupines, the cane rats, the dassie rat, the naked mole-rat, and the blesmols.
Families
The makeup of this infraorder is controversial. At its core lie the extant families Thryonomyidae, Petromuridae, and Bathyergidae and their extinct relatives. The Old World porcupines (Hystricidae) are sometimes included in Phiomorpha,[1] but many authorities consider them either basal to all hystricognaths or basal to all hystricognaths except the Laotian rock rat (family Diatomyidae); also, more recent evidence not supports them belonging in Phiomorpha. Molecular results suggest that the Diatomyidae is a part of the Ctenodactylomorphi,[2] but this is in contrast to morphological results which place the animal at a basal position to all hystricognaths.
Infraorder Phiomorpha
Family †Diamantomyidae
Family Hystricidae - Old World porcupines
Family †Kenyamyidae
Family †Myophiomyidae
Family Petromuridae - the dassie rat
Family †Phiomyidae
Family Thryonomyidae - cane rats and their extinct relatives
Parvorder Bathyergomorpha
†Paracryptomys - incertae sedis
Family Bathyergidae - blesmols
Family †Bathyergoididae
Family Heterocephalidae - naked mole-rats
See also
Caviomorpha
Hystricomorpha
References
Sheng, Guilian; Hu, Jiaming; Tong, Haowen; Llamas, Bastien; Yuan, Junxia; Hou, Xindong; Chen, Shungang; Xiao, Bo; Lai, Xulong (2020-07-18). "Ancient DNA of northern China Hystricidae sub-fossils reveals the evolutionary history of old world porcupines in the Late Pleistocene". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 20 (1): 88. doi:10.1186/s12862-020-01656-x. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 7368748. PMID 32682389.
D’Elía, Guillermo; Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Lessa, Enrique P (2019-05-23). "Rodent systematics in an age of discovery: recent advances and prospects". Journal of Mammalogy. 100 (3): 852–871. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyy179. ISSN 0022-2372.
Huchon, D. E. J. P. Douzery. 2001. From the Old World to the New World: A molecular chronicle of the phylogeny and biogeography of hystricognath rodents. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 20:238-251.
Marivaux, L. M. Vianey-Liaud, and J.-J. Jaeger. 2004. High-level phylogeny of early Tertiary rodents: dental evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 142:105-134.
McKenna, Malcolm C., and Bell, Susan K. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp. ISBN 0-231-11013-8
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