Peromyscus

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Euarchontoglires
Ordo: Rodentiaa
Subordo: Myomorpha
Superfamilia: Muroidea

Familia: Cricetidae
Subfamilia: Neotominae
Tribus: Peromyscini
Genus: Peromyscus
Species (83): P. amplus – P. angelensis – P. attwateri – P. avius – P. aztecus – P. bakeri – P. beatae – P. boylii – P. bullatus – P. californicus – P. caniceps – P. carletoni – P. carolpattonae – P. chrysopus – P. collinus – P. cordillerae – P. crinitus – P. dickeyi – P. difficilis – P. ensinki – P. eremicus – P. eva – P. felipensis – P. fraterculus – P. furvus – P. gambelii – P. gardneri – P. gossypinus – P. grandis – P. gratus – P. greenbaumi – P. guardia – P. guatemalensis – P. gymnotis – P. hooperi – P. hylocetes – P. keeni – P. kilpatricki – P. labecula – P. laceianus – P. latirostris – P. leucopus – P. leucurus – P. levipes – P. madrensis – P. maniculatus – P. mayensis – P. megalops – P. mekisturus – P. melanocarpus – P. melanophrys – P. melanotis – P. melanurus – P. merriami – P. mexicanus – P. micropus – P. nasutus – P. nicaraguae – P. nudipes – P. ochraventer – P. pectoralis – P. pembertoni – P. perfulvus – P. polionotus – P. polius – P. purepechus – P. sagax – P. salvadorensis – P. schmidlyi – P. sejugis – P. similus – P. slevini – P. sonoriensis – P. spicilegus – P. stephani – P. stirtoni – P. totontepecus – P. tropicalis – P. truei – P. winkelmanni – P. yucatanicus – P. zamorae – P. zarhynchus

Name

Peromyscus Gloger, 1841: 95

Type species: Peromyscus arboreus Gloger, 1841, by monotypy.

Synonyms

Sitomys Fitzinger, 1867: 97
Type species: Cricetus myoides Gapper, 1830, by monotypy.
Vesperimus Coues, 1874: 178
Type species: Musculus leucopus Rafinesque, 1818, by original designation.
Trinodontomys Rhoads, 1894: 257
Type species: Sitomys insolatus Rhoads, 1894, by monotypy.
Haplomylomys Osgood, 1904: 54
Type species: Hesperomys eremicus Baird, 1857, by original designation.

References
Primary references

Gloger, C.W.L. 1841 [1841–1842]. Gemeinnütziges Hand- und Hilfsbuch der Naturgeschichte. Für gebildete Leser aller Stände, besonders für die reifere Jugend und ihrer Lehrer. ― Breslau (Aug. Schulz & Comp.): III–XXVI, 1–495. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.13573 BHL Reference page.
Coues, E. 1874. Synopsis of the Muridae of North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 26: 173–196. BHL Reference page.

Additional references

Osgood, W.H. 1909. Revision of the Mice of the American Genus Peromyscus. North American Fauna 28: 1–285. BHL Reference page.
Carleton, M.D. 1980. Phylogenetic relationships in neotomine–peromyscine rodents (Muroidea) and a reappraisal of the dichotomy with New World Cricetinae. Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 157: 1–146. hdl: 2027.42/56401 Open access Reference page.
Musser, G.G. & Carleton, M.D. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. Pp. 894-1531 in Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (eds.) . Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore. 2 volumes. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. Reference page.
Bradley, R.D., Ordóñez-Garza, N., Ceballos, G., Rogers, D.S. & Schmidly, D.J. 2016. A new species in the Peromyscus boylii species group ( Cricetidae: Neotominae) from Michoacán, México. Journal of Mammalogy 98(1): 154–165. DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyw160 Open access Reference page.

Vernacular names
Deutsch: Weißfußmäuse
English: Deer Mice

Peromyscus is a genus of rodents. They are commonly referred to as deer mice or deermice, not to be confused with the chevrotain or "mouse deer". They are New World mice only distantly related to the common house and laboratory mouse, Mus musculus. From this relative, Peromyscus species are distinguished by relatively larger eyes, and also often two-tone coloring, with darker colors over the dorsum (back), and white abdominal and limb hair-coloring. In reference to the coloring, the word Peromyscus comes from Greek words meaning "booted mouse".[2] They are also accomplished jumpers and runners by comparison to house mice, and their common name of "deer mouse" (coined in 1833) is in reference to this agility.[3]

The most common species of deer mice in the continental United States are two closely related species, P. maniculatus and P. leucopus. In the United States, Peromyscus is the most populous mammalian genus overall, and has become notorious in the western United States as a carrier of hantaviruses.[4][5]
Reservoir of human disease
Hantavirus

The deer mouse came to the attention of the public when it was discovered to be the primary reservoir species for Sin Nombre hantavirus.[4][6][7]
Lyme disease

A recent study in British Columbia of 218 deer mice showed 30% (66) were seropositive for Borrelia burgdorferi,[8] the agent of Lyme disease.
Other diseases

Ehrlichiosis and babesiosis are also carried by the deer mouse.[2]
Use as a laboratory animal

While wild populations are sometimes studied,[9] Peromyscus species are also easy to breed and keep in captivity, although they are more energetic and difficult to handle than the relatively more tame M. musculus. For certain studies, they are also favored over the laboratory mouse (M. musculus domestica) and the laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica). Apart from their importance in studying infectious diseases, Peromyscus species are useful for studying phylogeography, speciation, chromosomes, genetics, ecology, population genetics, conservation[10] and evolution in general. They are also useful for researching repetitive-movement disorders.[11][12][13][14] Their use in aging research is because Peromyscus spp., despite being of similar size to the standard laboratory mouse, have maximum lifespans of 5–7 years, compared to the 3-year maximum lifespan of ad libitum-fed laboratory strains or wild-caught M. musculus.[2]

The Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center at the University of South Carolina was established by Professor Wallace Dawson in 1985 to raise animals of the peromyscine species for research and educational use. This institute maintains populations of several different species (including Peromyscus californicus, Peromyscus maniculatus, Peromyscus melanophrys, Peromyscus eremicus, and Peromyscus aztecus). A variety of mutations affecting their behavior, biochemistry, and the color of their coats is exhibited in these genetic lines.
Species

Peromyscus
californicus group
California deermouse – P. californicus
eremicus group
Cactus mouse – P. eremicus
Burt's deer mouse– P. caniceps
Dickey's deer mouse – P. dickeyi
Eva's desert mouse – P. eva
Northern Baja deer mouse– P. fraterculus
Angel Island mouse – P. guardia – possibly extinct
P. g. guardia – last seen 1991
P. g. mejiae – extinct (1973)
P. g. harbisoni – extinct (1963)
P. guardia subsp. indet. from Estanque Island – extinct (1998)
San Lorenzo mouse – P. interparietalis
Mesquite mouse – P. merriami
Pemberton's deer mouse – P. pembertoni – extinct (1931)
False canyon mouse – P. pseudocrinitus
hooperi group
Hooper's mouse – P. hooperi
crinitus group
Canyon mouse – P. crinitus
maniculatus group
Eastern deer mouse − P. maniculatus
Yukon deer mouse – P. arcticus[15]
Gambel's deer mouse – P. gambelii[16]
Northwestern deer mouse – P. keeni
Southern deer mouse – P. labecula[16]
Black-eared mouse – P. melanotis
†Giant island deer mouse – P. nesodytes – extinct
Oldfield mouse or beach mouse – P. polionotus
P. p. allophrys
P. p. ammobates
Pallid beach mouse P. p. decoloratus – extinct (1959)
P. p. leucocephalus
P. p. niveiventris
P. p. peninsularis
Anastasia Island beach mouse P. p. phasma
P. p. trissyllepsis
Santa Cruz mouse – P. sejugis
Slevin's mouse – P. slevini
Western deer mouse – P. sonoriensis[16]
leucopus group
White-footed mouse– P. leucopus
Cotton mouse– P. gossypinus
Key Largo cotton mouse P. g. allapaticola
†Chadwick Beach cotton mouse P. g. restrictus – extinct (1938)
aztecus group
Aztec mouse – P. aztecus
Transvolcanic deer mouse – P. hylocetes
Oaxacan deer mouse – P. oaxacensis
Gleaning mouse – P. spicilegus
Winkelmann's mouse – P. winkelmanni
boylii group
Brush mouse – P. boylii
Orizaba deer mouse – P. beatae
Carleton's deer mouse – P. carletoni[17]
Kilpatrick's deer mouse – P. kilpatricki[18]
Nimble-footed mouse – P. levipes
Tres Marías Island mouse – P. madrensis
Chihuahuan mouse – P. polius
La Palma deer mouse – P. sagax
Schmidly's deer mouse – P. schmidlyi
Nayarit mouse – P. simulus
San Esteban Island mouse – P. stephani
truei group
Pinyon mouse – P. truei
Texas mouse – P. attwateri
Perote mouse - P. bullatus
Zacatecan deer mouse or southern rock mouse – P. difficilis
Osgood's mouse – P. gratus
Northern white-ankled mouse – P. laceianus[19]
Northern rock mouse – P. nasutus
El Carrizo deer mouse – P. ochraventer
Southern white-ankled mouse – P. pectoralis
melanophrys group
Plateau mouse – P. melanophrys
Puebla deer mouse – P. mekisturus – possibly extinct
Tawny deer mouse – P. perfulvus
furvus group
Blackish deer mouse – P. furvus
Wide-rostrum deer mouse – P. latirostris[20]
megalops group
Brown deer mouse – P. megalops
Zempoaltepec – P. melanocarpus - assignment to the species group tentative
Black-tailed mouse – P. melanurus
mexicanus group
Mexican deer mouse – P. mexicanus
Baker's deer mouse – P. bakeri[21]
Carol Patton's deer mouse – P. carolpattonae[21]
Gardner's deer mouse – P. gardneri[22]
Big deer mouse – P. grandis
Guatemalan deer mouse – P. guatemalensis
Naked-eared deer mouse – P. gymnotis
Maya mouse – P. mayensis
Talamancan deer mouse – P. nudipes[23]
Nicaraguan deer mouse – P. nicaraguae[23]
Salvadoran deer mouse – P. salvadorensis[23]
Stirton's deer mouse – P. stirtoni
Chimoxan deer mouse – P. tropicalis[23]
Yucatán deer mouse – P. yucatanicus
Chiapan deer mouse – P. zarhynchus

References

Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
Crossland, J. and Lewandowski, A. (2006). Peromyscus – A fascinating laboratory animal model Archived 2008-11-20 at the Wayback Machine. Techtalk 11:1–2.
Deer mouse etymology from Merriam-Webster. Accessed June 11, 2010. Mw4.m-w.com (2012-08-31). Retrieved on 2014-01-05.
CDC – Hantavirus. Cdc.gov (2012-11-01). Retrieved on 2014-01-05.
What if ... Archived 2012-09-29 at the Wayback Machine. University of South Carolina
"It's Official—The Deer Mouse Is Deadly". Newsmagazine. 21 (31): 43. 18 July 1994.
Netski, D; Thran, BH; St. Jeor, SC (1999). "Sin Nombre virus pathogenesis in Peromyscus maniculatus". Journal of Virology. 73 (1): 585–91. doi:10.1128/JVI.73.1.585-591.1999. PMC 103864. PMID 9847363.
Canada Communicable Disease Report (CCDR) – Vol.34 CCDR-01 – Public Health Agency of Canada. Phac-aspc.gc.ca (2008-01-30). Retrieved on 2014-01-05.
Tietje, William D.; Lee, Derek E.; Vreeland, Justin K. (2008). "Survival and Abundance Of Three Species Of Mice In Relation to Density Of Shrubs and Prescribed Fire In Understory Of An Oak Woodland In California". The Southwestern Naturalist. 53 (3): 357–369. doi:10.1894/PS-35.1. S2CID 54586518.
Cobo-Simón, Irene; Méndez-Cea, Belén; Portillo, Héctor; Elvir, Fausto; Vega, Hermes; Gallego, Francisco Javier; Fontecha, Gustavo (2019). "Testing the effectiveness of conservation management within biosphere reserves: the case of the Mexican deer mouse (Peromyscus mexicanus) as a bioindicator". Integrative Zoology. 14 (5): 422–434. doi:10.1111/1749-4877.12371. PMID 30585414. S2CID 58592507.
Joyner CP, Myrick LC, Crossland JP, Dawson WD (1998). "Deer Mice As Laboratory Animals". ILAR Journal. 39 (4): 322–330. doi:10.1093/ilar.39.4.322. PMID 11406688.
Dewey, M.J. & Dawson, W.D. (2001). "Deer mice: "The Drosophila of North American mammalogy"". Genesis. 29 (3): 105–9. doi:10.1002/gene.1011. PMID 11252049. S2CID 40389176.
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Linnen, CR; Kingsley, EP; Jensen, JD; Hoekstra, HE (2009). "On the origin and spread of an adaptive allele in deer mice". Science. 325 (5944): 1095–8. Bibcode:2009Sci...325.1095L. doi:10.1126/science.1175826. PMC 2736094. PMID 19713521.
Greenbaum, I. F.; et al. (October 2019). "Taxonomy and phylogenetics of the Peromyscus maniculatus species group". Special Publications, Texas Tech University. 71: 559–575.
Bradley, R. D.; et al. (October 2019). "Mitochondrial DNA sequence data indicates evidence for multiple species within Peromyscus maniculatus". Special Publications, Texas Tech University. 70: 1–59.
Bradley, R. D.; et al. (2014). "Morphometric, karyotypic, and molecular evidence for a new species of Peromyscus (Cricetididae: Neotominae) from Nayarit, Mexico". Journal of Mammalogy. 95: 176–186. doi:10.1644/13-MAMM-A-217.
Bradley, R. D.; et al. (2017). "A new species in the Peromyscus boylii species group ( Cricetidae: Neotominae) from Michoacan, Mexico". Journal of Mammalogy. 98: 154–165. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyw160. S2CID 88766413.
Bradley, R. D.; et al. (2019). "Molecular and morphological data reveals multiple species in Peromyscus pectoralis". Journal of Mammalogy. 96 (2): 446–459. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyv049. PMC 4668931. PMID 26937045.
Avila-Valle, Z. A.; et al. (2012). "Geographic variation and molecular evidence blackish deer mouse complex (Peromyscus furvus, Rodentia: Muridae)". Mammalian Biology. 77: 166–177. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2011.09.008.
Alvarez, S. T.; et al. (October 2019). "Two new species of Peromyscus from Chiapas, Mexico and Guatemala". Special Publications, Texas Tech University. 71: 543–558.
Lorenzo, C.; et al. (January 2016). "Revision of the Chiapan deer mouse, Peromyscus zarhynchus, with the description of a new species". Journal of Mammalogy. 97 (3): 910–918. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyw018.
Perez-Consuegra, S. G.; Vazquez-Dominguez, E. (2015). "Mitochondrial diversification of the Peromyscus mexicanus species group in Nuclear Central America: biogeographic and taxonomic implications". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 26 (4): 300–311. doi:10.1111/jzs.12099.