Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Laurasiatheria
Cladus: Scrotifera
Cladus: Ferungulata
Cladus: Ferae
Cladus: Pancarnivora
Cladus: Carnivoramorpha
Cladus: Carnivoraformes
Ordo: Carnivora
Subordo: Caniformia
Infraordo: Arctoidea
Superfamilia: Musteloidea
Familia: Procyonidae
Subfamilia: Procyoninae
Genus: Nasua
Species: Nasua nasua
Subspecies: N. n. aricana - N. n. boliviensis - N. n. candace - N. n. cinerascens - N. n. dorsalis - N. n. manium - N. n. molaris - N. n. montana - N. n. nasua - N. n. quichua - N. n. solitaria - N. n. spadicea - N. n. vittata
Name
Nasua nasua (Linnaeus, 1766)
References
Nasua nasua in Mammal Species of the World.
Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (Editors) 2005. Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
Vernacular names
čeština: Nosál červený
dansk: Næsebjørn
Deutsch: Südamerikanischer Nasenbär
English: Ring-tailed coati, coatimundi
español: Coatí de cola anillada
suomi: Punakoati
français: Coati à queue annelée
galego: Coatí de cola anelada
magyar: Ormányos medve, vörösorrú koáti
italiano: Nasua rosso, Coati rosso
lietuvių: Paprastasis koatis
Nederlands: Rode neusbeer
norsk: Sør-Amerikansk nesebjørn
polski: Ostronos rudy, Koati
português: Quati
русский: Южноамериканский коати
svenska: Röd näsbjörn
The South American coati (Nasua nasua), also known as the ring-tailed coati, is a coati species and a member of the raccoon family (Procyonidae), found in the tropical and subtropical parts of South America.[4] An adult generally weighs from 2–7.2 kg (4.4–15.9 lb) and is 85–113 cm (33–44 in) long, with half of that being its tail.[5] Its color is highly variable and the rings on the tail may be only somewhat visible, but its most distinguishing characteristic is that it lacks the largely white snout (or "nose") of its northern relative, the white-nosed coati.[5]
Distribution and habitat
Skull of a South American coati
The South American coati is widespread in tropical and subtropical South America. It occurs in the lowland forests east of the Andes as high as 2,500 m (8,200 ft) from Colombia and The Guianas south to Uruguay and northern Argentina.[3] Nasua nasua occupancy is significantly and negatively related to elevation but positively related to forest cover.
It has been recorded in west Ecuador, and north and west Colombia.[6][7] In Argentina, it has been recorded in Santa Fe and Salta Provinces.[8] It has been introduced and naturalized on the island of Mallorca, where it is considered an invasive species.[9][10]
The only documented records of white-nosed coati in South America are from far northwestern Colombia, in the Gulf of Urabá region, near the Colombian border with Panama.[6][7] The smaller mountain coati lives foremost at altitudes above the South American coati, but there is considerable overlap.[11]
Invasiveness
In Europe, this species has been included since 2016 in the list of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern (the Union list).[12] This implies that this species cannot be imported, bred, transported, commercialized, or intentionally released into the environment in the whole of the European Union.[13]
Behavior
South American coatis are variable in color and can—among others—be almost black or orange-red.[5]
South American coatis are diurnal animals, and live both on the ground and in trees. They are omnivorous but primarily eat fruit, invertebrates, other small animals, and bird eggs. Also, they search for fruit in trees high in the canopy and use their snouts to poke through crevices to find animal prey on the ground. Furthermore, they also search for animal prey by turning over rocks on the ground or ripping open logs with their claws.[14] The South American coati was found to be a host of an intestinal acanthocephalan parasitic worm, Pachysentis lauroi.[15]
Females typically live in large groups, called bands, consisting of 15 to 30 animals. Males are usually solitary.[14] Solitary males were originally considered a separate species due to their different social habits and were called coatimundis, a term still sometimes used today. Neither bands of females nor solitary males defend a unique territory, and territories therefore overlap.[16]
Group members can produce soft whining sounds, but alarm calls are different, consisting of loud woofs and clicks. Coatis typically sleep in the trees. When an alarm call is sounded, they climb trees, and then drop down to the ground and disperse.[14] Predators of the South American coati include foxes, jaguars, jaguarundis, and occasionally humans.[17]
Reproduction
A coati family in Iguazu Falls
All females in a group come into heat simultaneously when fruit is in season and mate with several males. The gestation period is 74 to 77 days.[4] The estrus period lasts 1–2 weeks.[18] Captive females give birth to 1–7 young at a time. In the wild, they leave the group to give birth in a nest built in trees and rejoin the group with their offspring 5–6 weeks later.[14] They usually remain with their natal group. Males generally disperse from their natal group at the age of three years. South American coatis generally live for up to 7 years in the wild but can live up to 14 years in captivity.[4]
Taxonomy
Viverra nasua was the scientific name proposed by Carl Linnaeus in 1766 for a red coati specimen.[19] It was subordinated to the genus Nasua. As of 2005, 13 subspecies were recognized:[1]
N. n. nasua Linnaeus, 1766
N. n. spadicea Olfers, 1818
N. n. solitaria Schinz, 1823
N. n. vittata Tschudi, 1844
N. n. montana Tschudi, 1844
N. n. dorsalis Gray, 1866
N. n. molaris Merriam, 1902
N. n. manium Thomas, 1912
N. n. candace Thomas, 1912
N. n. quichua Thomas, 1912
N. n. cinerascens Lönnberg, 1921
N. n. aricana Vieira, 1945
N. n. boliviensis Cabrera, 1956
References
Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
"Carneiro Cave (Pleistocene of Brazil)". PBDB.org.
Emmons, L.; Helgen, K. (2016). "Nasua nasua". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41684A45216227. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41684A45216227.en. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
Gompper, M. E.; Decker, D. M. (1998). "Nasua nasua" (PDF). Mammalian Species (580): 1–9. doi:10.2307/3504444. JSTOR 3504444.
Kays, R. (2009). "Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Carnivores" (Wilson, D. E., and R. A. Mittermeier, eds.). Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol. 1. pp. 526–528. ISBN 978-84-96553-49-1.
Decker, D. M. (1991). "Systematics of the Coatis, Genus Nasua (Mammalia, Procyonidae)" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 104: 370–386. Archived 2014-10-06 at the Wayback Machine
Guzman-Lenis, A. R. (2004). "Preliminary Review of the Procyonidae in Colombia" (PDF). Acta Biológica Colombiana. 9 (1): 69–76. Archived 2014-04-26 at the Wayback Machine
Eisenberg, J.; Redford, K. H. (1989). "Nasua nasua (Linnaeus, 1766)". Mammals of the Neotropics. Vol. The Central Neotropics: Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 288–289. ISBN 9780226195421.
Davies, Richard (April 17, 2015). "Intrusos exóticos" [Exotic intruders]. El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on August 19, 2023.
Irwin, Aisling (August 2, 2016). "African ibis and South American coati among 37 on EU's kill list". Archived from the original on September 30, 2023.
Helgen, K. M.; Kays, R.; Helgen, L. E.; Tsuchiya-Jerep, M. T. N.; Pinto, C. M.; Koepfli, K. P.; Eizirik, E.; Maldonado, J. E. (2009). "Taxonomic boundaries and geographic distributions revealed by an integrative systematic overview of the mountain coatis, Nasuella (Carnivora: Procyonidae)" (PDF). Small Carnivore Conservation (41): 65–74.
"List of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern". European Commission. Archived from the original on April 9, 2024. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
"Regulation (EU) No 1143/2014 of the European parliament and of the council of 22 October 2014 on the prevention and management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species" (PDF). 2014. Archived from the original on April 9, 2024.
Emmons, L. H. (1997). Neotropical Rainforest Mammals, A Field Guide (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 153–154. ISBN 978-0-226-20721-6.
Gomes, Ana Paula N.; Amin, Omar M.; Olifiers, Natalie; Bianchi, Rita de Cassia; Souza, Joyce G. R.; Barbosa, Helene S.; Maldonado, Arnaldo (2019). "A New Species of Pachysentis Meyer, 1931 (Acanthocephala: Oligacanthorhynchidae) in the Brown-Nosed Coati Nasua nasua (Carnivora: Procyonidae) from Brazil, with Notes on the Genus and a Key to Species". Acta Parasitologica. 64 (3): 587–595. doi:10.2478/s11686-019-00080-6. PMC 6814649. PMID 31286360.
"BBC Ring-tailed Coati". Archived from the original on January 14, 2009. Retrieved July 13, 2007.
McLuen, Nicole; Perry, Pamela (2000). "Southern Coati". itech.pjc.edu. Archived from the original on July 9, 2008. Retrieved July 13, 2007.
Hirsch, Ben T., and Jesus E. Maldonado. "Familiarity breeds progeny: sociality increases reproductive success in adult male ring‐tailed coatis (Nasua nasua)." Molecular Ecology 20.2 (2011): pp. 409–419.
von Linné, Carl (1766). "Viverra nasua". Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis [The system of nature: according to the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places] (in Latin). Vol. 1 (12 ed.). Holmiae: L. Salvii.
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