Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Euarchontoglires
Ordo: Rodentiaa
Subordo: Myomorpha
Superfamilia: Muroidea
Classis: Mammalia
Ordo: Rodentiaa
Subordo: Myomorpha
Superfamilia: Muroidea
Familiae (6): Calomyscidae – Cricetidae – Muridae – Nesomyidae – Platacanthomyidae – Spalacidae
Name
Muroidea Illiger, 1811
Synonymy
Murina Illiger, 1811
Muriformes Tullberg, 1899
Myoidea Gill, 1872
Muroidae Miller & Gidley, 1918
Muroidea Simpson, 1945
References
Primary references
Illiger, J.K.W. 1811. Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium additis terminis zoographicis utriusque classis, eorumque versione germanica. C. Salfield: Berolini. xviii + 302 pp. BHL Reference page.
Additional references
McKenna, M.C. & Bell, S.K. (eds.). 1997. Classification of mammals: above the species level. Columbia University Press: New York. xii + 631 pp. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Google Books Reference page.
Michaux, J. & Catzeflis, F. 2000. The Bushlike Radiation of Muroid Rodents Is Exemplified by the Molecular Phylogeny of the LCAT Nuclear Gene. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 17(2): 280–293. DOI: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0849 Paywall Reference page.
Michaux, J., Reyes, A. & Catzeflis, F. 2001. Evolutionary History of the Most Speciose Mammals: Molecular Phylogeny of Muroid Rodents. Molecular Biology and Evolution 18(11): 2017–2031. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003743 Open access Reference page.
Jansa, S.A. & Weksler, M. 2004. Phylogeny of muroid rodents: relationships within and among major lineages as determined by IRBP gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 31(1): 256–276. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2003.07.002 Paywall Reference page.
Steppan, S.J., Adkins, R.M. & Anderson, J. 2004. Phylogeny and divergence-date estimates of rapid radiations in muroid rodents based on multiple nuclear genes. Systematic Biology 53(4): 533–553. DOI: 10.1080/10635150490468701 Open access Reference page.
Musser, G.G. & Carleton, M.D. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. Pp. 894–1531 in Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (eds.) . Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore. 2 volumes. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. Reference page.
Schenk, J.J., Rowe, K.C. & Steppan, S.J. 2013. Ecological Opportunity and Incumbency in the Diversification of Repeated Continental Colonizations by Muroid Rodents. Systematic Biology 62(6): 837–864. DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syt050 Open access Reference page.
Steppan, S.J. & Schenk, J.J. 2017. Muroid rodent phylogenetics: 900-species tree reveals increasing diversification rates. PLoS ONE 12(8): e0183070. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183070 Open access Reference page.
The Muroidea are a large superfamily of rodents, including mice, rats, voles, hamsters, lemmings, gerbils, and many other relatives. Although the Muroidea originated in Eurasia,[1] they occupy a vast variety of habitats on every continent except Antarctica. Some authorities have placed all members of this group into a single family, Muridae, due to difficulties in determining how the subfamilies are related to one another. Many of the families within the Muroidea superfamily have more variations between the families than between the different clades.[2] A possible explanation for the variations in rodents is because of the location of these rodents; these changes could have been due to radiation[3] or the overall environment they migrated to or originated[4] in. The following taxonomy is based on recent well-supported molecular phylogenies.[5]
The muroids are classified in six families, 19 subfamilies, around 280 genera, and at least 1,750 species.
Taxonomy
Family Platacanthomyidae (spiny dormouse and pygmy dormice)
Family Spalacidae (fossorial muroids)
Subfamily Myospalacinae (zokors)
Subfamily Rhizomyinae (bamboo rats and root rats)
Subfamily Spalacinae (blind mole rats)
Clade Eumuroida – typical muroids
Family Calomyscidae
Subfamily Calomyscinae (mouse-like hamsters)
Family Nesomyidae
Subfamily Cricetomyinae (pouched rats and mice)
Subfamily Dendromurinae (African climbing mice, gerbil mice, fat mice and forest mice)
Subfamily Mystromyinae (white-tailed rat)
Subfamily Nesomyinae (Malagasy rats and mice)
Subfamily Petromyscinae (rock mice and the climbing swamp mouse)
Family Cricetidae
Subfamily Arvicolinae (voles, lemmings and muskrat)
Subfamily Cricetinae (true hamsters)
Subfamily Neotominae (North American rats and mice)
Subfamily Sigmodontinae (New World rats and mice)
Subfamily Tylomyinae (vesper rats and climbing rats)
Family Muridae
Subfamily Deomyinae (spiny mice, brush furred mice, link rat)
Subfamily Gerbillinae (gerbils, jirds and sand rats)
Subfamily Leimacomyinae (Togo Mouse)
Subfamily Lophiomyinae (crested rat)
Subfamily Murinae (Old World rats and mice including vlei rats)
Phylogeny
5 main clades are recognized by Jansa & Weksler (2004).[6]
Family Spalacidae: Spalacinae, Myospalacinae, and Rhizomyinae (fossorial species of the Old World)
Family Calomyscidae: Calomyscinae (Asia)
Family Nesomyidae: Petromyscinae, Mystromyinae, Cricetomyinae, Nesomyinae, and core dendromurines (Africa and Madagascar)
Family Muridae: Murinae, Otomyinae, Gerbillinae, Acomyinae, and Lophiomyinae (Old World)
Family Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae, Arvicolinae, and Cricetinae (New World)
Together, Muroidea and its sister group Dipodoidea form the suborder Myomorpha.
The following phylogeny of more than 70 Muroidea genera, based on molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Interphotoreceptor Retinoid Binding Protein (IRBP) gene, is from Jansa & Weksler (2004: 264).[6] Although Platacanthomyidae was not analyzed by Jansa & Weksler (2004), a study by Fabre et al. 2012[7] suggests that it is the most basal lineage of Muroidea.
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References
D'elía, G.; González, E.M.; Pardiñas, U.F.J. (2003). "Phylogenetic analysis of sigmodontine rodents (Muroidea), with special reference to the akodont genus Deltamys". Mammalian Biology. 68 (6): 351–364. doi:10.1078/1616-5047-00104. hdl:11336/102889.
Alhajeri, Bader H.; Steppan, Scott J. (September 2018). "Disparity and Evolutionary Rate Do Not Explain Diversity Patterns in Muroid Rodents (Rodentia: Muroidea)". Evolutionary Biology. 45 (3): 324–344. Bibcode:2018EvBio..45..324A. doi:10.1007/s11692-018-9453-z. ISSN 0071-3260. S2CID 255342087.
Jansa, Sharon A.; Giarla, Thomas C.; Lim, Burton K. (2009-10-15). "The Phylogenetic Position of the Rodent Genus Typhlomys and the Geographic Origin of Muroidea". Journal of Mammalogy. 90 (5): 1083–1094. doi:10.1644/08-MAMM-A-318.1. ISSN 0022-2372.
Jansa, Sharon A.; Giarla, Thomas C.; Lim, Burton K. (2009-10-15). "The Phylogenetic Position of the Rodent Genus Typhlomys and the Geographic Origin of Muroidea". Journal of Mammalogy. 90 (5): 1083–1094. doi:10.1644/08-MAMM-A-318.1. ISSN 0022-2372.
Steppan, S.; Adkins, R.; Anderson, J. (2004). "Phylogeny and Divergence-Date Estimates of Rapid Radiations in Muroid Rodents Based on Multiple Nuclear Genes". Systematic Biology. 53 (4): 533–553. doi:10.1080/10635150490468701. PMID 15371245.
Jansa, S.A.; Weksler, M. (2004). "Phylogeny of muroid rodents: relationships within and among major lineages as determined by IRBP gene sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 31 (1): 256–276. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.07.002. PMID 15019624.
Fabre; et al. (2012). "A glimpse on the pattern of rodent diversification: a phylogenetic approach". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 12 (1): 88. Bibcode:2012BMCEE..12...88F. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-88. PMC 3532383. PMID 22697210.
Jansa, S. A.; Giarla, T. C.; Lim, B. K. (2009). "The Phylogenetic Position of the Rodent Genus Typhlomys and the Geographic Origin of Muroidea". Journal of Mammalogy. 90 (5): 1083. doi:10.1644/08-MAMM-A-318.1.
Jansa, S.A.; Weksler, M. (2004). "Phylogeny of muroid rodents: relationships within and among major lineages as determined by IRBP gene sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 31 (1): 256–276. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.07.002. PMID 15019624.
Michaux, J.; Reyes, A.; Catzeflis, F. (2001). "Evolutionary history of the most speciose mammals: Molecular phylogeny of muroid rodents". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 18 (11): 2017–2031. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003743. PMID 11606698.
Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton. 1993. Family Muridae. pp. 501–755 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C.
Musser, G. G.; Carleton, M. D. (2005). "Superfamily Muroidea". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 894–1531. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
Norris, R. W.; Zhou, K.; Zhou, C.; Yang, G.; William Kilpatrick, C.; Honeycutt, R. L. (2004). "The phylogenetic position of the zokors (Myospalacinae) and comments on the families of muroids (Rodentia)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 31 (3): 972–978. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.10.020. PMID 15120394.
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