Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Laurasiatheria
Cladus: Scrotifera
Ordo: Chiroptera
Subordo: Yangochiroptera
Superfamilia: Vespertilionoidea
Familia: Molossidae
Subfamilia: Molossinae
Genus: Mormopterus
Species: M. acetabulosus – M. beccarii – M. doriae – M. eleryi – M. jugularis – M. kalinowskii – M. loriae – M. minutus – M. norfolkensis – M. phrudus – M. planiceps
Name
Mormopterus Peters, 1865
Type Species: Nyctinomus (Mormopterus) jugularis Peters, 1865
Synonyms
Micronomus Troughton, 1943
References
Peters, 1865. Monatsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1865: 258.
Mormopterus in Mammal Species of the World.
Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (Editors) 2005. Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
Vernacular names
English: Mastiff Bats.
Mormopterus is a genus of molossid microchiropterans, small flying mammals referred to as free-tailed bats. The genus has been the subject of several revisions, and the diversity of taxa centred on Australia were separated to a new genus Ozimops, and two monotypic genera, Setirostris and Micronomus. The species of Mormopterus, in this stricter sense, are only found in areas outside of Australia and West Papua.
Taxonomy
A description of the genus was published in 1865 by Wilhelm Peters, as a new subgenus allied to Nyctinomus.[1][2]
While the species-level taxonomy became better resolved, the integrity of the genus Mormopterus as it stood was less clear and molecular sequencing data indicated that Mormopterus was paraphyletic. The closest relatives of M. kalinowski are members of Nyctinomops.[3] Further phylogenetic work is required to resolve the relationships of the species’ groups from the three regional areas, and what their relationships are to other molossid genera.
Investigations of Australian bat systematics have resulted in species confusion, which has in turn inhibited other research and recognition for the purpose of conservation; Mormopterus had presented the greatest difficulties to taxonomic workers. A revision in 2014 used a multilocus approach, combining morphological and molecular analysis to further separate the genus; this recognised the subgenus Micronomus and erected two new taxa, subgenera Setirostris (monotypic) and Ozimops, which circumscribed four accepted and three new species of Mormopterus.[4] Prior to this revision some taxa were given tentative labels of convenience by workers, Mormopterus sp. 1, 2, 3 ... , following a molecular study in 1998 that identified probable species without publishing descriptions.[5]
The Australian Faunal Directory, citing a 2015 taxonomic publication that elevated subgenera published in a 2014 review, recognises genera Ozimops, Setirostris and Micronomus and the new generic combinations of taxa formerly assigned to this genus.[4][6][7]
Diversity
The genus Mormopterus has seven species occurring in geographically disparate locations, three species from the west Indian Ocean region (Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands and possibly South Africa and Ethiopia), one species from western Indonesia (known from a single specimen from Sumatra) that appears to be related to the above three species; and three species from the neotropics (the western side of South America as far south as northern Chile, and Cuba). The former subgenus Ozimops, later elevated to genus, is most diverse in Australia, although also found in the Indonesian Archipelago, Halmahera, Ambon, Seram and West Papua, and in Papua New Guinea. The two monotypic subgenera Micronomus and Setirostris, also elevated to genus, are endemic to Australia.
Species
The intergeneric arrangement, prior to 2014 elevation of the four subgenera, may be summarised as:
Subgenus Mormopterus
Mormopterus acetabulosus Natal free-tailed bat
Mormopterus francoismoutoui, Reunion free-tailed bat
Mormopterus doriae Sumatran mastiff bat
Mormopterus jugularis Peters's wrinkle-lipped bat
Mormopterus kalinowskii Kalinowski's mastiff bat
Mormopterus minutus little goblin bat
Mormopterus phrudus Incan little mastiff bat
Synonyms
Synonyms of mainly Australian species, later recognised as new genera.
Subgenus Micronomus
Mormopterus norfolkensis East-coast free-tailed bat,
Subgenus Setirostris
Mormopterus eleryi bristle-faced free-tailed bat
Subgenus Ozimops
Mormopterus planiceps, southern free-tailed bat,
Mormopterus beccarii, Beccari's mastiff bat
Mormopterus loriae, Loria's mastiff bat, little Papuan mastiff bat
Mormopterus petersi, inland free-tailed bat
Mormopterus kitcheneri, south-western free-tailed bat
Mormopterus ridei, eastern free-tailed bat,
Mormopterus lumsdenae, northern free-tailed bat
Mormopterus halli, Cape York free-tailed bat
Mormopterus cobourgianus, mangrove free-tailed bat
In addition, Peters's flat-headed bat (Platymops setiger) and Roberts's flat-headed bat (Sauromys petrophilus) were once thought to belong to this genus.
References
Peters, W. (1865). "Abbildungen zu einer Monographie der Chiropteren vor und gab eine Übersicht der von ihm befolgten systematischen Ordnung der hieher gehörigen Gattungen". Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussische Akademie des Wissenschaften zu Berlin. 1865: 256–258.
Sclater, P.L.; Peters, W. (1865). "Report on a Collection of Animals from Madagascar". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology. 3. 16 (91–96).
Lamb, J. M.; Ralph, T. M. C.; Naidoo, T.; Taylor, P. J.; Ratrimomanarivo, F.; Stanley, W. T.; Goodman, S. M. (June 2011). "Toward a Molecular Phylogeny for the Molossidae (Chiroptera) of the Afro-Malagasy Region". Acta Chiropterologica. 13 (1): 1–16. doi:10.3161/150811011X578589. S2CID 85394657.
Reardon, T. B.; McKenzie, N. L.; Cooper, S. J. B.; Appleton, B.; Carthew, S.; Adams, M. (2014). "A molecular and morphological investigation of species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships in Australian free-tailed bats Mormopterus (Chiroptera : Molossidae)". Australian Journal of Zoology. 62 (2): 109. doi:10.1071/ZO13082. hdl:10536/DRO/DU:30070309.
Richards, G.C.; Hall, L.S.; Parish, S. (photography) (2012). A natural history of Australian bats : working the night shift. CSIRO Pub. pp. 175, 178. ISBN 9780643103740.
Jackson, S.; Groves, C. (2015). Taxonomy of Australian Mammals. CSIRO Publishing. p. 260. ISBN 9781486300136.
"Genus Ozimops Reardon, McKenzie & Adams, 2014". Australian Faunal Directory. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
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