Mazama americana (*)
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Laurasiatheria
Cladus: Scrotifera
Cladus: Ferungulata
Cladus: Euungulata
Ordo: Artiodactyla
Cladus: Artiofabula
Cladus: Cetruminantia
Subordo: Ruminantia
Familia: Cervidae
Subfamilia: Capreolinae
Genus: Mazama
Species: Mazama americana
Name
Mazama americana (Erxleben, 1777)
References
Erxleben, J.C.P. 1777. Systema regni animalis per classes, ordines, genera, species, varietates : cvm synonymia et historia animalivm: Classis I. Mammalia. Lipsiae: Impensis Weygandianis. 636 pp. BHL Reference page.
Cifuentes-Rincón, A., Donoso, J.A., Sandoval, E.D.P., Tomazella, I.M., Mantellatto, A.M.B., de Thoisy, B. & Duarte, J.M.B. 2020. Designation of a neotype for Mazama americana (Artiodactyla, Cervidae) reveals a cryptic new complex of brocket deer species. ZooKeys 958: 143–164. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.958.50300 Open access Reference page.
Links
Mazama americana in Mammal Species of the World.
Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (Editors) 2005. Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
Vernacular names
cpa: Chiang³
English: South American Red Brocket
español: Corzuela colorada
suomi: Isopiikkohirvi
français: Daguet rouge
magyar: Vörös nyársasszarvas
jbt: Kudi
português: Veado-mateiro
The red brocket (Mazama americana) is a species of brocket deer from forests in South America, ranging from northern Argentina to Colombia and the Guianas.[1][2] It also occurs on the Caribbean island of Trinidad (it also occurred on the island of Tobago until very recent historical times, but has been extirpated there).
Taxonomy
It formerly included the Central American red brocket (M. temama) and sometimes the Yucatan brown brocket (M. pandora) as subspecies.[3] Considerable taxonomic confusion still exists for the populations remaining in the red brocket. Pending a solution to this, it has been evaluated as data deficient by the IUCN,[1] though as presently defined, it is the most widespread species of brocket. It is sympatric with the smaller Amazonian brown brocket over much of its range (the latter tends to have significantly lower population densities). The karyotype of the red brocket was initially described as having 2n = 68, FN = 74, and more recently as having 2n varying from 48 to 54 and FN varying from 54 to 56.[1] This variability may indicate the presence of unrecognized species in the population.[1]
Description
Its body is reddish-brown in color, with a lighter grayish-brown head and neck, and partially blackish legs.[4] The inner thighs and the underside of the tail are white. Fawns are spotted white and lack blackish to the legs.[4] Only the adult male has antlers, and these are small and spike-like. This species is the largest of the brockets. The shoulder height is 67–80 cm (26–31 in) and the head and body length 105–144 cm (41–57 in).[4] These deer typically weigh 24–48 kg (53–106 lb),[4] but exceptional males may get as large as 65 kg (143 lb).[5]
Diet and behaviour
The red brocket browses on vegetation (mainly grasses and tender green roots),[6] preferring fruit and seeds when it is available. They are also known to feed on fungi.[6] In extreme cases where fruit and fungi become scarce, it may eat stems, bark, petioles, leaves, and animal matter instead.[7] It is generally solitary and stays in dense jungles. When alarmed, the animal snorts or stomps its hooves.
Hybrids with Mazama nana
The occurrence of hybrids between the two species was documented in captivity.[8]
References
Duarte, J.M.B.; Vogliotti, A. (2016). "Mazama americana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29619A22154827. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29619A22154827.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
Grubb, P. (2005). "Order Artiodactyla". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 637–722. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
Medellín, Rodrigo A.; Alfred L. Gardner; J. Marcelo Aranda (April 1998). "The taxonomic status of the Yucatán brown brocket, Mazama pandora (Mammalia: Cervidae)" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 111 (1): 1–14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2010.
Trolle, M., and L. H. Emmons (2004). A record of a dwarf brocket from lowland Madre de Dios, Peru. Deer Specialist Group Newsletter 19: 2–5
Nowak, R. M. (eds) (1999). Walker's Mammals of the World. 6th edition. Johns Hopkins University Press.
"Mazama americana (Red Brocket Deer)" (PDF). Sta.uwi.edu. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
"Mazama americana (Red brocket)". Animal Diversity Web.
Duarte, J. M. B.; Jorge, W. (1 January 2003). "Morphologic and Cytogenetic Description of the Small Red Brocket (Mazama bororo Duarte,1996) in Brazil". Mammalia. 67 (3): 403–410. doi:10.1515/mamm.2003.67.3.403. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
Bibliography
Emmons, L.H. (1997). Neotropical Rainforest Mammals, 2nd ed. University of Chicago Press ISBN 0-226-20721-8
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