Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Laurasiatheria
Cladus: Scrotifera
Ordo: Chiroptera
Subordo: Yinpterochiroptera
Familia: Pteropodidae
Subfamilia: Macroglossusinae
Genus: Macroglossus
Species: Macroglossus sobrinus
Subspecies: M. s. fraternus – M. s. sobrinus
Name
Macroglossus sobrinus K. Andersen, 1911
Type locality: Malaysia, Perak.
References
K. Andersen. 1911. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 8, 3: 641, 642.
Distribution
North-East India
Burma
Central & South Thailand
Laos
Vietnam
Sumatra
Java
Bali
Vernacular names
English: Greater Long-nosed Fruit Bat
Bahasa Melayu: Cecadu Madu Bukit
The long-tongued fruit bat (Macroglossus sobrinus) is a species of megabat. It is nectarivorous, feeding on nectar from primarily banana flowers. It is found in several countries in South and Southeast Asia.
Taxonomy and etymology
It was described as a new subspecies in 1911 by Danish mammalogist Knud Andersen. Andersen described it as a subspecies of the long-tongued nectar bat, with the trinomen Macroglossus minimus sobrinus.[2] Beginning in approximately 1983, it has been considered a full species rather than a subspecies.[3] Its species name "sobrinus" means "cousin;" Andersen possibly chose this name to reflect what he believed was its close relationship to M. minimus minimus.
Description
Andersen noted that it differed from the long-tongued nectar bat in several ways. Overall, it is a larger species with a longer snout. Its forearm is 42–48.5 mm (1.65–1.91 in) long[2] and individuals weigh 18–26 g (0.63–0.92 oz).[4]
Biology and ecology
The long-tongued fruit bat feeds on nectar almost exclusively from banana flowers. It is nocturnal, foraging at night and roosting during the day in trees. It roosts singly or in small, "well-spaced parties."[4]
Range and habitat
Unlike the long-tongued nectar bat, which is considered a coastal species, the long-tongued fruit bat is considered an inland species.[4] Its range includes several countries in Asia, including Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam.[1]
Conservation
It is currently assessed as least concern by the IUCN—its lowest conservation priority.[1]
References
Hutson, A.M.; Suyanto, A.; Kingston, T.; Bates, P.; Francis, C.; Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C. (2021). "Macroglossus sobrinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T12595A22027530. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T12595A22027530.en. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
Andersen, K. (1911). "LXXV.—Six new fruit-bats of the genera Macroglossus and Syconycteris". Journal of Natural History. 8. 7 (42): 641–643. doi:10.1080/00222931108692987.
Hill, J. E. (1983). Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Indo-Australia. British Museum (Natural History).
Marshall, Adrian G (1983). "Bats, flowers and fruit: Evolutionary relationships in the Old World". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 20: 115–135. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1983.tb01593.x.
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