Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Laurasiatheria
Cladus: Scrotifera
Cladus: Ferungulata
Cladus: Ferae
Cladus: Pancarnivora
Cladus: Carnivoramorpha
Cladus: Carnivoraformes
Ordo: Carnivora
Subordo: Caniformia
Familia: Canidae
Genus: Lycalopex
Species: L. vetulus
Name
Lycalopex vetulus (Lund, 1842)
Type locality: "Rio das Velhas's Floddal" Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Zunino et al., 1995).
Synonymy
Canis vetulus Lund, 1842
Lycalopex chilensis Gray, 1868
Lycalopex fulvicaudus (Lund, 1843)
Lycalopex parvidens (Mivart, 1890)
Lycalopex sladeni (Thomas, 1904)
Lycalopex urostictus (Mivart, 1890)
Lycalopex vitulus (Huber, 1925)
Pseudalopex vetulus (Lund, 1842)
References
Primary references
Lund, P.W. 1842. Fortsatte Bemaerkninger over Brasiliens uddöne Dyrskabning. Lagoa Santa D. 27de Marts 1840. Det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes Selskabs naturvidenskabelige og mathematiske Afhandlinger ser. 4 9: 121–136. BHL Reference page.
Additional references
Zunino, G.E., Vaccaro, O.B., Canevari, M. & Gardner, A.L. 1995. Taxonomy of the genus Lycalopex (Carnivora: Canidae) in Argentina. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 108(4): 729–747. BHL Reference page.
Dalponte, J.C. 2009. Lycalopex vetulus (Carnivora: Canidae). Mammalian species, 847: 1–7 DOI: 10.1644/847.1
Links
Lycalopex vetulus in Mammal Species of the World.
Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (Editors) 2005. Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
IUCN: Pseudalopex vetulus (Lund, 1842) (Least Concern)
Lycalopex vetulus (Lund, 1842) – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Vernacular names
aragonés: Rabosa cenisosa
Deutsch: Brasilianischer Kampfuchs
English: Hoary Fox
español: Zorro Hoary o de dientes pequeños
français: Renard chenu
polski: Lis brazylijski, lis siwy
português: Raposa-do-campo
Türkçe: Brezilya dövüş tilkisi
The hoary fox or hoary zorro (Lycalopex vetulus), also known as raposinha-do-campo in Brazil (Portuguese for "little fox of the meadow"), is a species of zorro or "false" fox endemic to Brazil. Unlike many other foxes, it feeds primarily on small invertebrates such as insects.
Description
The hoary fox has a short muzzle, small teeth, a short coat, and slender limbs. The upper part of the body is grey, and the underside of the body is cream or fawn. The tail is black on the tip with a marked dark stripe along the upper surface, which in male animals may extend all the way along the back to the nape of the neck. The ears and outside part of the legs are reddish or tawny, and the lower jaw is black. Some melanistic individuals have also been reported.[3][4]
It is small for a fox, weighing only 3 to 4 kg (6.6 to 8.8 lb), with a head and body length of 58 to 72 cm (23 to 28 in), and a tail 25 to 36 cm (9.8 to 14.2 in). Together with its slender form, the small size of the hoary fox makes it an agile and fast-running animal, while its relatively weak teeth adapt it to feeding on invertebrates, rather than larger prey.[4]
Behaviour and diet
Hoary foxes are nocturnal,[5] and largely solitary outside of the breeding season. They mainly eat insects, especially termites, dung beetles, and grasshoppers,[6] but also may eat rodents, small birds, and fruit. Individuals have widely varying home ranges, depending on the local environment and reported examples are as follows: 385 ha (950 acres) for 1 adult female in southern Bahia, 456 ha (1,130 acres) for a group consisting of an adult breeding pair and 5 juvenile offspring in a pasture of Minas Gerais, and 48 ha (120 acres) for 2 breeding pairs out of 3 study groups from pastures in eastern Mato Grosso.[4]
Range
The hoary fox is endemic to Brazil and its geographic distribution is associated with the limits of the Cerrado ecosystem, in an altitude range of 90–1,100 mm. [4] However, it can also be found in transition zones, including open habitats in the Pantanal. The occurrence of the hoary fox in areas of the Atlantic Forest is in a matrix of anthropogenic pastures, regionally interspersed by remnants of semideciduous forest and small patches of Cerrado[7].
The current extension extends from the northeast and west of São Paulo to the north of Piauí, passing through the states of Ceará, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, Tocantins, Bahia and probably open regions in the south of the states of Rondônia[8].
Reproduction
Females usually give birth to two to four pups in August to September, after a gestation period around 50 days.[4] The sex ratio of the pups is equal between males and females.[5] The female prepares a den in which to give birth, sometimes using the burrows of other animals. Weaning occurs around 4 months of age.[4] Both parent participate in rearing of the pups.[5]
References
(Hoary fox).
Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Order Carnivora". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
Lemos, F.G.; Azevedo, F.C.; Paula, R.C.; Dalponte, J.C. (2020). "Lycalopex vetulus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T6926A87695615. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T6926A87695615.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
"Lycalopex vetulus". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 30 October 2010.
Dalponte, J.C. (2009). "Lycalopex vetulus (Carnivora: Canidae)". Mammalian Species. 847: 1–7. doi:10.1644/847.1.
Courtenay, O.; et al. (2006). "First observations on South America's largely insectivorous canid: the hoary fox (Pseudalopex vetulus)". Journal of Zoology. 268 (1): 45–54. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2005.00021.x.
"Lycalopex vetulus (Hoary fox)". Animal Diversity Web.
Dalponte, J. C.; Oliveira, J. S.; Lacerda, A. C. R. (2018). "Occurrence of Lycalopex vetulus (Carnivora, Canidae) in the Cerrado-Amazon forest ecotone and Pantanal". 18. Acta Zoológica Platense: 1–10. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
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