Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Laurasiatheria
Cladus: Scrotifera
Ordo: Chiroptera
Subordo: Yinpterochiroptera
Familia: Pteropodidae
Subfamilia: Cynopterinae
Tribus: Balionycterini
Genus: Latidens
Species: Latidens salimalii
Name
Latidens salimalii Thonglongya, 1972
Type: BNHS no. 1563, adult, sex unrecorded (suspected male ♂), collected by A.F. Hutton.
Type locality: about 2500 feet at High Wavy Mountains, Madurai District, Madras, South India.
Etymology: named after ornithologist Dr. Sálim Ali.
Distribution
South India
References
Thonglongya. 1972. J. Bombay Natural History Society, 69: 153. BHL
Vernacular names
English: Salim Ali's fruit bat
Salim Ali's fruit bat (Latidens salimalii) is a rare megabat species in the monotypic genus Latidens. It was first collected by Angus Hutton, a planter and naturalist in the High Wavy Mountains in the Western Ghats of Theni district, Tamil Nadu in South India in 1948. It was initially misidentified as a short-nosed fruit bat (Cynopterus) but later identified by Kitti Thonglongya as a new species and was named after Indian ornithologist Salim Ali in 1972.
Description
It is medium-sized and has no external tail. Ears are oval with rounded tips. The head is covered by blackish brown fur and the wing is light brown in colour and the underparts are light grey-brown with the brown wing membrane (Patagium) hairless. It has fifteen palatal ridges. The rostrum is long and narrow and the palate is very long especially postdental portion. Post orbital foramina are absent. Incisors 1 pair and peg like, cheek teeth brad. First premolars are very small and slightly exceeds the incisors in the crown area. Body length is 10 cm, hindfeet 0.8–1.5 cm, forearm 6.6 cm.[2]
It was observed that these bats eat fresh fruits of Elaeocarpus oblongus (Rudraksh or bead tree) and the figs Ficus glomerata (cluster fig), Ficus macrocarpa (Indian laurel fig) and Ficus beddomei (Thavital, a strangler fig).[3]
Range
The first description of the bat was from a single specimen collected at an altitude of 750 meters in the High Wavy Mountains of the Annamalai Western Ghats, Theni district, Tamil Nadu, South India.
In 2002 the Indian government added the Wroughton's free-tailed bat (Otomops wroughtonii) and Salim Ali's fruit bat (Latidens salimalii) to Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, affording these two species the highest level of protection. The other 112 species of bats in India were not affected.[4]
Conservation
Salim Ali's fruit bat was listed as critically endangered in 1996, and has been considered an endangered species since 2004. It meets the criteria for this designation because of its small population size of fewer than 1,000 individuals. Additionally, it is experiencing population decline, with the population expected to contract by a further 20% by 2032 due to hunting for bushmeat, loss and degradation of caves, and deforestation.[1]
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Latidens salimalii.
Srinivasulu, C.; Srinivasulu, B. (2020). "Latidens salimalii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T11374A22103756. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T11374A22103756.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
Salim Ali's fruit bat (Latidens salmalii) Archived 2008-12-03 at the Wayback Machine. ARKive
Singaravelan, N. & Marimuthu, G. (2003). "Mist net captures of the rarest fruit bat Latidens salimalii" (PDF). Current Science. 84 (1): 24–26. JSTOR 24107368.
"No Longer Vermin". Bat Conservation International Newsletter, Vol 2, No. 2 (February 2003)
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