Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Euarchontoglires
Ordo: Rodentiaa
Subordo: Myomorpha
Superfamilia: Dipodoidea
Familia: Dipodidae
Subfamilia: Dipodinae
Genus: Jaculus
Species: Jaculus orientalis
Name
Jaculus orientalis Erxleben, 1777
Type locality: Egypt
References
Jaculus orientalis in Mammal Species of the World.
Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (Editors) 2005. Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
IUCN: Jaculus orientalis Erxleben, 1777 (Least Concern)
Vernacular names
English: Greater Egyptian Jerboa
magyar: Nagy ugróegér
polski: Podskoczek duży
The greater Egyptian jerboa (Jaculus orientalis) is a species of rodent in the family Dipodidae.[2] It is found in Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, and is possibly extinct in the Negev Desert of Israel. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, sandy shores, and arable land.
Description
An adult greater Egyptian jerboa has a head-and-body length of about 13 centimetres (5 in) and a tail of 20 centimetres (8 in). The upper parts are yellowish-brown or sandy-brown and the underparts are white. The hind legs are very large and are about four times longer than the forelimbs.[3] The feet have hairy pads which improves locomotion on sand. The tail is nearly naked but ends in a large tuft of hair which is black at the base and white at the tip. The tail is used as a prop to stabilise the animal when it stands and moves on its hind legs.[3]
Distribution and habitat
On the African continent, the greater Egyptian jerboa is found in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt. It is also present in the Judaean Desert, the Negev Desert (possibly extinct by 2016[4]) and on the Sinai Peninsula. It occupies a wide range of habitat types including deserts and semi-deserts, sand dunes near the coast, marshes, pasture, and arable land.[1]
Behaviour
Stuffed specimen in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan
The greater Egyptian jerboa is a sociable species. The burrows are dug in firm ground and may be up to 2 metres (7 ft) long. It shelters inside during the day, emerging at dusk or at night to forage for seeds, shoots and roots. Food is sometimes stored in chambers in the burrow. This jerboa probably does not need to drink as it gets enough moisture from its food.[5] It has been observed sheltering under, and eating desert truffles (Terfezia species).[6]
Breeding usually takes place between November and July. The nesting chamber may have some animal fur as bedding.[5] The gestation period is about forty days and the litter size ranges from two to five. There is a single litter in the year and a long developmental period before the young are weaned. When first born, the young have hind legs the same length as their forelegs and as they begin to move around, do so by dragging themselves with their forelimbs.[7] The hind legs gradually lengthen and by four weeks, quadrupedal locomotion starts. Bipedal locomotion starts about seven weeks after birth.[7]
Status
The greater Egyptian jerboa has a wide range and is common in much of that range. It is a nocturnal species and seems to have no major threats. The population is stable and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".[1]
References
Aulagnier, S. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Jaculus orientalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T10913A115518664. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T10913A22201033.en. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
Holden, M.E.; Musser, G.G. (2005). "Family Dipodidae". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 884. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
Wiest, Whitney. "Jaculus orientalis: Greater Egyptian jerboa". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 2015-08-04.
Zafrir Rinat, "Have You Met the Negev's 'Jumping Rat?' Too Late, It Doesn't Live Here Anymore", Haaretz, 12.10.2016
Hoath, Richard (2009). A Field Guide to the Mammals of Egypt. American University in Cairo Press. pp. 195–197. ISBN 978-977-416-254-1.
Chatin A. (1891). "Contribution à l'histoire naturelle de la truffe: II Terfas ou truffes d'Afrique et d'Arabie, genres Terfezia et Tirmania". Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France. 38: 54–64. doi:10.1080/00378941.1891.10828525.
Eilam, David; Shefer, Gabi (1997). "The developmental order of bipedal locomotion in the jerboa (Jaculus orientalis): Pivoting, creeping, quadrupedalism, and bipedalism". Developmental Psychobiology. 31 (2): 137–142. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2302(199709)31:2<137::AID-DEV6>3.0.CO;2-L. PMID 9298639.
Holden, M. E. and G. G. Musser. 2005. Family Dipodidae. Pp. 871–893 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
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