Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Euarchontoglires
Ordo: Primates
Subordo: Haplorhini
Infraordo: Simiiformes
Parvordo: Catarrhini
Superfamilia: Hominoidea
Familia: Hylobatidae
Genus: Hylobates
Species (9): H. abbotti – H. agilis – H. albibarbis – H. funereus – H. klossii – H. lar – H. moloch - H. muelleri - H. pileatus
Name
Hylobates Illiger, 1811: 67
Type species: Homo lar Linnaeus, 1771
Synonyms
Brachiopithecus Sénéchal, 1839 [in part]
Brachitanytes Schultz, 1932
Cheiron Burnett, 1829
Gibbon Zimmermann, 1777 [Rejected by Int. Comm. Zool. Nomencl. (1954), Opinion 257]
Laratus Gray, 1821
Methylobates Ameghino, 1882 [in part]
References
Primary references
Illiger, J.K.W. 1811. Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium additis terminis zoographicis utriusque classis, eorumque versione germanica. C. Salfield: Berolini. xviii + 302 pp. BHL Reference page.
Links
Hylobates in Mammal Species of the World.
Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (Editors) 2005. Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
Vernacular names
čeština: gibon
Deutsch: Gibbon
English: gibbon
galego: Xibón
한국어: 긴팔원숭이속
polski: gibony
slovenčina: gibon
ไทย: ชะนี
The genus Hylobates /ˌhaɪloʊˈbeɪtiːz/ is one of the four genera of gibbons. Its name means "forest walker", from the Greek hūlē (ὕλη, "forest") and bates (βάτης, "one who treads").[3][4]
It was once considered the only genus, but recently its subgenera (Hoolock [formerly Bunopithecus], Nomascus, and Symphalangus) have been elevated to the genus level.[1][5] Hylobates remains the most species-rich and widespread of gibbon genera, ranging from southern China (Yunnan) to western and central Java.
Individuals within this genus are characterized by 44 chromosomes and often have a ring of white fur around their faces.[2]
Classification
Family Hylobatidae: gibbons[1][2]
- Genus Hylobates
- Lar gibbon or white-handed gibbon, Hylobates lar
- Malaysian lar gibbon, Hylobates lar lar
- Carpenter's lar gibbon, Hylobates lar carpenteri
- Central lar gibbon, Hylobates lar entelloides
- Sumatran lar gibbon, Hylobates lar vestitus
- Yunnan lar gibbon, Hylobates lar yunnanensis
- Bornean white-bearded gibbon, Hylobates albibarbis
- Agile gibbon or black-handed gibbon, Hylobates agilis
- Western grey gibbon or Abbott's grey gibbon, Hylobates abbotti
- Eastern grey gibbon or northern grey gibbon, Hylobates funereus
- Müller's gibbon or southern grey gibbon, Hylobates muelleri
- Silvery gibbon, Hylobates moloch
- Western silvery gibbon or western Javan gibbon, Hylobates moloch moloch
- Eastern silvery gibbon or central Javan gibbon, Hylobates moloch pongoalsoni
- Pileated gibbon or capped gibbon, Hylobates pileatus
- Kloss's gibbon or Mentawai gibbon, bilou or dwarf siamang, Hylobates klossii
- Lar gibbon or white-handed gibbon, Hylobates lar
- Genus Hoolock
- Genus Symphalangus
- Genus Nomascus
Hybrids
Hybrids between Müller's gibbon (H. muelleri) and the Bornean white-bearded gibbon, (H. albibarbis) have been reported in areas of Borneo.[6] A gibbon born at the Kujukushima Zoo in Japan to a female lar or white-handed gibbon (H. lar) was determined to have been fathered by a male agile gibbon (H. agilis).[7]
References
Groves, C. P. (2005). "Genus Hylobates". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 178–181. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Geissmann, Thomas. "Gibbon Systematics and Species Identification". Retrieved 2006-04-13.
βάτης. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project: "one that treads or covers"
Craig, John (1848). A new universal etymological technological, and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. p. 962.
Mootnick, A.; Groves, C. P. (2005). "A new generic name for the hoolock gibbon (Hylobatidae)". International Journal of Primatology. 26 (4): 971–976. doi:10.1007/s10764-005-5332-4. S2CID 8394136.
Payne, J.; Francis, C. (2005). A Field Guide to the Mammals of Borneo. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia: Sabah Society. p. 230. ISBN 967-99947-1-6.
Watanuki, Hiroshi (31 January 2023). "Mystery solved: Father of gibbon at Nagasaki Pref. zoo identified through DNA analysis". The Mainichi. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
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