Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Laurasiatheria
Cladus: Scrotifera
Ordo: Chiroptera
Subordo: Yinpterochiroptera
Superfamilia: Rhinolophoidea
Familia: Hipposideridae
Genus: Hipposideros
Species: Hipposideros ruber
Subspecies: H. r. guineensis – H. r. ruber
Name
Hipposideros ruber Noack, 1893
Type locality: Tanzania, Eastern Province, Ngerengere River.
References
Hipposideros ruber in Mammal Species of the World.
Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (Editors) 2005. Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
Peter Vallo, Petr Benda, Natália Martínková, Peter Kaňuch, Elisabeth K. V. Kalko, Jaroslav Červený & Petr Koubek 2011: Morphologically Uniform Bats Hipposideros aff. Ruber (Hipposideridae) Exhibit High Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity in Southeastern Senegal. Acta Chiropterologica, 13(1): 79–88. DOI: 10.3161/150811011X578633
Guillén-Servent, A., C. Ibáñez & J. Juste. 2000: Variation in the echolocation calls of Hipposideros ruber in the Gulf of Guinea: An exploration of the adaptive meaning of the constant frequency value in rhinolophoid bats. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 13: 70–80.
Noack. 1893. Zoologische Jahrbucher Abt. Syst. Oekologie Geogr. Tiere, 7: 586.
Distribution
Senegal
Gambia
Ethiopia
Angola
Zambia
Malawi
Mozambique
Vernacular names
English: Noack's Roundleaf Bat.
Noack's roundleaf bat (Hipposideros ruber) is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is found throughout tropical Africa. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, moist savanna, and caves and other subterranean habitats.[1]
Taxonomy
The bat is also known by the synonyms H. centralis and H. niapu.[1]
Description
Newly molted individuals of the species are gray in color, but eventually turn orange, lost probably due to the presence of ammonia in roosts.[2]
Biology
Some populations of the bat are partially diurnal, with daytime foraging, chases, and other activity observed in populations of H. ruber on the island of São Tomé.[3]
Diet
The bat seems to hunt by detecting the fluttering of wings by moths to decide whether to attack. If a moth was not fluttering its wings, or stopped during an attack, the bat would terminate its approach. The bat also does not use sight or sound to detect fluttering of wings. This appears to be a way to reduce clutter while hunting.[4]
Echolocation
The bat echolocates at a frequency of 132-138 kHz.[5][6]
Habitat and distribution
The bat's range extends throughout much of West, Central, and East Africa and part of southern Africa including Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern and eastern Zambia, southern Malawi and north-western Mozambique. The bat can be found up until 2300 meters above sea level.
The bat mainly inhabits lowland tropical moist forest but is also found in relic and riverine forests in dry savanna. The bat is known to roost in caves, rocky crevices and abandoned mineshafts. Animals have also been found under a bridge, in a hollow kapok tree and in derelict buildings.[1]
Conservation
The species is assessed as least-concern due to its large population, widespread range, and lack of considerable decline in population. The bat may be locally threatened in some areas due to habitat loss and subsistence hunting. The bat is not protected by any laws, but is known to exist in the Manga Forest Reserve of Tanzania.[1]
References
Monadjem, A.; Fahr, J.; Hutson, A.M.; Mickleburgh, S.; Bergmans, W. (2017). "Hipposideros ruber". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T10157A22102440. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T10157A22102440.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
"Science Source - Noack's roundleaf bat (Hipposideros ruber)". www.sciencesource.com. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
Russo, Danilo; Maglio, Guglielmo; Rainho, Ana; Meyer, Christoph F. J.; Palmeirim, Jorge M. (2011-11-01). "Out of the dark: Diurnal activity in the bat Hipposideros ruber on São Tomé island (West Africa)". Mammalian Biology. 76 (6): 701–708. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2010.11.007. ISSN 1616-5047.
Bell, G. P.; Fenton, M. B. (1983-11-01). "Echolocation and foraging behavior of Hipposideros ruber (Chiroptera)". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 74 (S1): S32. doi:10.1121/1.2020910. ISSN 0001-4966.
Heller, Klaus-Gerhard (1992-01-01). "The echolocation calls of Hipposideros ruber and Hipposideros caffer". Prague Studies of Mammalogy: 75–77. ISBN 978-80-7066-556-5. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
Guillén; B, Juste; Ibáñez (2000). "Variation in the frequency of the echolocation calls of Hipposideros ruber in the Gulf of Guinea: an exploration of the adaptive meaning of the constant frequency value in rhinolophoid CF bats". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 13 (1): 70–80. doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.2000.00155.x. hdl:10261/48765. ISSN 1420-9101. S2CID 86478779.
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