Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Laurasiatheria
Cladus: Scrotifera
Ordo: Chiroptera
Subordo: Yinpterochiroptera
Superfamilia: Rhinolophoidea
Familia: Hipposideridae
Genera (7 + †4): Anthops – Asellia – Aselliscus – Coelops – Doryrhina – Hipposideros – Macronycteris – †Miophyllorhina – †Palaeophyllophora – †Pseudorhinolophus – †Riversleigha
Name
Hipposideridae Lydekker, 1891
Type genus: Hipposideros Gray, 1831.
Synonymy
Hipposiderinae Lydekker in Flower & Lydekker, 1891: 657
Hipposideridae Miller, 1907: 109
References
Primary references
Flower, W.H. & Lydekker, R. 1891. An introduction to the study of mammals living and extinct. Adam and Charles Black: London. 763 pp. BHL Reference page.
Additional references
Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–241 in Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (eds.) . Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 2rd edition. Smithsonian Institution Press: Washington, D.C. ISBN 978-1-56098-217-3. Reference page.
McKenna, M.C. & Bell, S.K. (eds.). 1997. Classification of mammals: above the species level. Columbia University Press: New York. xii + 631 pp. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Google Books Reference page.
Simmons, N.B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312–529 in Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (eds.) . Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore. 2 volumes. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. Reference page.
Foley, N.M., Thong, V.D., Soisook, P., Goodman, S.M., Armstrong, K.N., Jacobs, D.S., Puechmaille, S.J. & Teeling, E.C. 2015. How and Why Overcome the Impediments to Resolution: Lessons from rhinolophid and hipposiderid Bats. Molecular Biology and Evolution 32(2): 313–333. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu329 Open access Reference page.
Foley, N.M., Goodman, S.M., Whelan, C.V., Puechmaille, S.J. & Teeling, E.C. 2017. Towards navigating the Minotaur's labyrinth: cryptic diversity and taxonomic revision within the speciose genus Hipposideros (Hipposideridae). Acta Chiropterologica 19(1): 1–18. DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2017.19.1.001 Paywall Reference page.
Monadjem, A., Soisook, P., Thong, V.D. & Kingston, T. 2019. Family Hipposideridae (Old Worl Leaf-nosed Bats). Pp. 227–258 in Wilson, D.E. & Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.) . Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 9. Bats. Lynx Edicions: Barcelona. ISBN 978-84-16728-19-0 Reference page.
Vernacular names
Deutsch: Rundblattnasen
English: Old World Leaf-nosed Bats
The Hipposideridae are a family of bats commonly known as the Old World leaf-nosed bats. While it has often been seen as a subfamily, Hipposiderinae, of the family Rhinolophidae, it is now more generally classified as its own family.[1] Nevertheless, it is most closely related to Rhinolophidae within the suborder Yinpterochiroptera.[2]
Taxonomy
The Hipposideridae contain 10 living genera and more than 70 species, mostly in the widespread genus Hipposideros.[3] In addition, several fossil genera are known; the oldest fossils attributed to the family are from the middle Eocene of Europe.[4] In their 1997 Classification of Mammals, Malcolm C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell proposed a division of Hipposideridae (called Rhinonycterinae in their work) into three tribes, one with two subtribes,[5] but these tribes turned out to be non-monophyletic and have been abandoned.[1] A different classification was proposed by Hand and Kirsch in 2003.[6] In 2009, Petr Benda and Peter Vallo proposed a separate tribe, Triaenopini, for the genera Triaenops, Paratriaenops, and possibly Cloeotis,[7] synonymised in a 2014 revision (Foley, et al.) that elevated the family Rhinonycteridae.[8] The Hipposideridae have many different families, previously confused to be the same for their similar appearance. The Hipposideridae fulvus is very similar to the Hipposideridae Pomona, which were a part of the same family in the past. The macrobullatus, considered to be a subspecies of the Hipposideridae are also part of a different family. Among the Hipposideridae species, there is an increased amount of mitochondrial differentation, possibly leading to these subspecies being intermixed and confused as one.[9][10][11]
Genera
The genera included in Hipposideridae are:[12]
Living
Anthops (one species; Solomon Islands and Bougainville Island)
Asellia (four species; Africa and southwestern Asia; Miocene fossils from Europe)
Aselliscus (three species; southeastern Asia and Melanesia)
Coelops (at least two species; southeastern Asia; Miocene fossils from Africa)
Doryrhina (two species, Africa)
Hipposideros (more than sixty species; Africa, southern Eurasia, and Australasia; oldest fossils from the Eocene of Europe; includes Pseudorhinolophus, sometimes considered a separate genus)
Macronycteris (five species, Africa and Madagascar)
(Note that genus Paracoelops was previously listed for Vietnam is now a synonym of Hipposideros pomona)
Extinct
Archerops (Miocene of Australia)[13]
Miophyllorhina (Miocene of Australia)[14]
Palaeophyllophora (Eocene to Miocene of Europe)
Paraphyllophora (Eocene or Oligocene to Miocene of Europe)
Riversleigha (Miocene of Australia)[14]
Vaylatsia (Oligocene of Europe)[15]
Xenorhinos (Miocene of Australia)[14]
List of species
Hipposideros lankadiva in Sri Lanka
Pseudorhinolophus antiquus skull and lower jaw at the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin
Colony of Hipposideros lankadiva (or perhaps Hipposideros speori) in a cave in Sri Lanka
Family Hipposideridae — Old World leaf-nosed bats
Genus Anthops
Flower-faced bat, Anthops ornatus
Genus Asellia — trident leaf-nosed bats
Arabian trident bat, Asellia arabica[16]
Somalian trident bat, Asellia italosomalica[16]
Patrizi's trident leaf-nosed bat, Asellia patrizii
Trident bat, Asellia tridens
Genus Aselliscus — Tate's trident-nosed bats
Stoliczka's trident bat, Aselliscus stoliczkanus
Temminck's trident bat, Aselliscus tricuspidatus
Dong Bac's trident bat, Aselliscus dongbacana
Genus Coelops — tailless leaf-nosed bats
East Asian tailless leaf-nosed bat, Coelops frithii
Malayan tailless leaf-nosed bat, Coelops robinsoni
Genus Doryrhina — roundleaf bats
Greater roundleaf bat, Doryrhina camerunensis
Cyclops roundleaf bat, Doryrhina cyclops
Genus Hipposideros — roundleaf bats
Aba roundleaf bat, Hipposideros abae
Ha Long leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros alongensis
Great roundleaf bat, Hipposideros armiger
Dusky roundleaf bat, Hipposideros ater
Benito roundleaf bat, Hipposideros beatus
Bicolored roundleaf bat, Hipposideros bicolor
Boeadi’s roundleaf bat, Hipposideros boeadii
Short-headed roundleaf bat, Hipposideros breviceps
Sundevall's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros caffer
Spurred roundleaf bat, Hipposideros calcaratus
Fawn leaf-nosed bat or fawn roundleaf bat, Hipposideros cervinus
Ashy roundleaf bat, Hipposideros cineraceus
Large Mindanao roundleaf bat, Hipposideros coronatus
Telefomin roundleaf bat, Hipposideros corynophyllus
Cox's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros coxi
Timor roundleaf bat, Hipposideros crumeniferus
Short-tailed roundleaf bat, Hipposideros curtus
Makira roundleaf bat, Hipposideros demissus
Diadem roundleaf bat, Hipposideros diadema
Fierce roundleaf bat, Hipposideros dinops
Borneo roundleaf bat, Hipposideros doriae
Khajuria's leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros durgadasi
Dayak roundleaf bat, Hipposideros dyacorum
Hill's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros edwardshilli
House-dwelling leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros einnaythu
Hipposideros fasensis
Sooty roundleaf bat, Hipposideros fuliginosus
Fulvus roundleaf bat, Hipposideros fulvus
Cantor's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros galeritus
Andersen's leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros gentilis
Grand roundleaf bat, Hipposideros grandis
Griffin's leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros griffini
Thailand roundleaf bat, Hipposideros halophyllus
Kolar leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros hypophyllus
Crested roundleaf bat, Hipposideros inexpectatus
Arnhem leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros inornatus
Jones's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros jonesi
Phou Khao Khouay leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros khaokhouayensis
Khasian leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros khasiana
Kunz's Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat, Hipposideros kunzi
Lamotte's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros lamottei
Indian roundleaf bat, Hipposideros lankadiva
Intermediate roundleaf bat, Hipposideros larvatus
Large Asian roundleaf bat, Hipposideros lekaguli
Shield-faced roundleaf bat, Hipposideros lylei
Big-eared roundleaf bat, Hipposideros macrobullatus
Maduran leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros madurae
Maggie Taylor's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros maggietaylorae
Aellen's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros marisae
Ethiopian large-eared roundleaf bat, Hipposideros megalotis
Fly River roundleaf bat, Hipposideros muscinus
Malayan roundleaf bat, Hipposideros nequam
Nicobar Leaf-nosed Bat, Hipposideros nicobarulae
Philippine forest roundleaf bat, Hipposideros obscurus
Orbiculus leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros orbiculus
Biak roundleaf bat, Hipposideros papua
Hipposideros parnabyi
Peleng leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros pelingensis
Pendlebury's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros pendleburyi
Pomona roundleaf bat, Hipposideros pomona
Philippine pygmy roundleaf bat, Hipposideros pygmaeus
Ridley's leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros ridleyi
Laotian leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros rotalis
Noack's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros ruber
Shield-nosed leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros scutinares
Semon's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros semoni
Sorensen's leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros sorenseni
Schneider's leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros speoris
Northern leaf-nosed bat or narrow-eared roundleaf bat, Hipposideros stenotis
Sumba roundleaf bat or Sumban leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros sumbae
Pratt's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros swinhoei
Maghreb leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros tephrus
Lesser great leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros turpis
Wollaston's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros wollastoni
Genus Macronycteris[17]
Commerson's leaf-nosed bat or Commerson's roundleaf bat, Macronycteris commersoni
Macronycteris cryptovalorona[18]
Giant roundleaf bat, Macronycteris gigas
Saõ Tomé leaf-nosed bat, Macronycteris thomensis
Striped leaf-nosed bat, Macronycteris vittatus
Notes
This name technically has priority over Hipposiderinae Lydekker, 1891, and some have consequently used "Rhinonycteridae" or "Rhinonycterinae" for this (sub)family; however, Hipposideridae/inae has been in common use since 1907 and is currently retained pending action by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.[1]
References
Simmons, 2005, p. 365
Hutcheon and Kirsch, 2006
Simmons, 2005, pp. 365–379
McKenna and Bell, 1997, p. 306
McKenna and Bell, 1997, pp. 306–307
Hand and Kirsch, 2003, table 3
Benda and Vallo, 2009, p. 33
Foley, Nicole M.; Thong, Vu Dinh; Soisook, Pipat; Goodman, Steven M.; Armstrong, Kyle N.; Jacobs, David S.; Puechmaille, Sébastien J.; Teeling, Emma C. (February 2015). "How and Why Overcome the Impediments to Resolution: Lessons from rhinolophid and hipposiderid Bats". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 32 (2): 313–333. doi:10.1093/molbev/msu329. PMC 4769323. PMID 25433366.
Vallo, Peter; Benda, Petr; Martínková, Natália; Kaňuch, Peter; Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.; Červený, Jaroslav; Koubek, Petr (June 2011). "Morphologically Uniform Bats Hipposideros aff. Ruber (Hipposideridae) Exhibit High Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity in Southeastern Senegal". Acta Chiropterologica. 13 (1): 79–88. doi:10.3161/150811011X578633. ISSN 1508-1109.
Hill, J. E.; Zubaid, A.; Davison, G. W. H. (1 January 1986). "The taxonomy of leaf-nosed bats of the Hipposideros bicolor group (Chiroptera : Hipposideridae) from southeastern Asia". Mammalia. 50 (4): 535–540. doi:10.1515/mamm.1986.50.4.535. ISSN 1864-1547.
Monadjem, Ara; Richards, Leigh; Taylor, Peter J.; Denys, Christiane; Dower, Aisling; Stoffberg, Samantha (December 2013). "Diversity of Hipposideridae in the Mount Nimba massif, West Africa, and the Taxonomic Status of Hipposideros lamottei". Acta Chiropterologica. 15 (2): 341–352. doi:10.3161/150811013X678964. ISSN 1508-1109.
Simmons, 2005, pp. 365–379; McKenna and Bell, 1997, pp. 306–307; other sources cited for specific genera
Hand and Kirsch, 2003
Archer et al., 2006, p. 7
Ziegler, 2000, p. 652; Hand and Kirsch, 2003, table 3; cf. McKenna and Bell, 1997, p. 305 (excluded from Rhinonycterinae)
Benda, Petr; Vallo, Peter; Reiter, Antonín (2011). "Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Asellia(Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with a Description of a New Species from Southern Arabia". Acta Chiropterologica. 13 (2): 245–270. doi:10.3161/150811011X624749.
Foley, N. M.; Goodman, S. M.; Whelan, C. V.; Puechmaille, S. J.; Teeling, E. (June 2017). "Towards Navigating the Minotaur's Labyrinth: Cryptic Diversity and Taxonomic Revision within the Speciose Genus Hipposideros (Hipposideridae)". Acta Chiropterologica. 19 (1): 1–18. doi:10.3161/15081109acc2017.19.1.001.
Goodman, S. M.; Schoeman, M. C.; Rakotoarivelo, A.; Willows-Munro, S. (2016). "How many species of Hipposideros have occurred on Madagascar since the Late Pleistocene?". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 177 (2): 428–449. doi:10.1111/zoj.12368.
Bibliography
Archer, M., Arena, D.A., Bassarova, M., Beck, R.M.D., Black, K., Boles, W.E., Brewer, P., Cooke, B.N., Crosby, K., Gillespie, A., Godthelp, H., Hand, S.J., Kear, B.P., Louys, J., Morrell, A., Muirhead, J., Roberts, K.K., Scanlon, J.D., Travouillon, K.J. and Wroe, S. 2006. Current status of species-level representation in faunas from selected fossil localities in the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, northwestern Queensland. Alcheringa Special Issue 1:1-17. ISBN 0-9757894-5-7
Benda, P. and Vallo, P. 2009. Taxonomic revision of the genus Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with description of a new species from southern Arabia and definitions of a new genus and tribe. Folia Zoologica 58(Monograph 1):1–45.
Hand, S.J. and Archer, M. 2005. A new hipposiderid genus (Microchiroptera) from an early Miocene bat community in Australia. Palaeontology 48(2):371–383.
Hand, S.J. and Kirsch, J.A.W. 2003. Archerops, a new annectent hipposiderid genus (Mammalia: Microchiroptera) from the Australian Miocene. Journal of Paleontology 77(6):1139–1151.
Hutcheon, J.M. and Kirsch, J.A.W. 2006. A moveable face: deconstructing the Microchiroptera and a new classification of extant bats. Acta Chiropterologica 8(1):1–10.
McKenna, M.C. and Bell, S.K. 1997. Classification of Mammals: Above the species level. New York: Columbia University Press, 631 pp. ISBN 978-0-231-11013-6
Simmons, N.B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312–529 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142 pp. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0
Ziegler, R. 2000. The bats (Chiroptera, Mammalia) from the Late Oligocene fissure fillings Herrlingen 8 and Herrlingen 9 near Ulm (Baden-Württemberg). Senckenbergiana Lethaea 80(2):647–683.
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