Genetta tigrina (*)
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Laurasiatheria
Cladus: Scrotifera
Cladus: Ferungulata
Cladus: Ferae
Cladus: Pancarnivora
Cladus: Carnivoramorpha
Cladus: Carnivoraformes
Ordo: Carnivora
Subordo: Feliformia
Familia: Viverridae
Subfamilia: Viverrinae
Genus: Genetta
Species: Genetta tigrina
Subspecies: G. t. methi – G. t. tigrina
Name
Genetta tigrina (Schreber, 1776)
References
Genetta tigrina in Mammal Species of the World.
Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (Editors) 2005. Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
IUCN: Genetta tigrina (Schreber, 1776) (Least Concern)
Vernacular names
Afrikaans: Grootkolmuskeljaatkat
Deutsch: Südliche Großfleckgenette
English: Cape genet
español: Gineta manchada
français: Genette tigrine
日本語: ケープジェネット
polski: Żeneta wielkoplama
The Cape genet (Genetta tigrina), also known as the South African large-spotted genet, is a genet species endemic to South Africa. As it is common and not threatened, it is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List.[1] Like other genets, it is nocturnal and arboreal, preferring to live in the riparian zones of forests, as long as these are not marshy areas.[2]
A Cape genet in Botswana. Photo taken by Hp.Baumeler of Switzerland
Characteristics
The Cape genet is ash grey with brown irregular spots and a black stripe along the spine. Its muzzle is white, and it has white spots below the eye. Its ears are grey. Its tail is black and white banded with a black tip.[3] Some individuals living in areas with more than 375 mm (14.8 in) annual precipitation are darker than individuals from drier areas.[4]
Measurements of adult males range from 460 to 580 mm (18 to 23 in) in head and body with a 390 to 459 mm (15.4 to 18.1 in) long tail and a weight of 1.6 to 2.1 kg (3.5 to 4.6 lb). Adult females range from 427 to 560 mm (16.8 to 22.0 in) in head and body with a 385 to 432 mm (15.2 to 17.0 in) long tail and a weight of 1.36 to 1.870 kg (3.00 to 4.12 lb).[5]
Like in all Viverrinae, its dental formula is: 3.1.4.23.1.4.2.[6] Like all genets, it has musk glands and anal sacs.[7]
It differs from other genets by a short dorsal crest and poorly spotted hind legs, which are dark at the back.[8][9]
Distribution and habitat
In South Africa, the Cape genet is distributed from the Western Cape to KwaZulu-Natal, south of 32°S, and to the Lesotho border.[1] It is the most widely distributed and common small carnivore in KwaZulu-Natal, and rests in large trees, rock overhangs and caves.[10] It lives in moist environments near streams, rivers and standing water, in lowland and mountain fynbos, where vegetation cover is high.[5]
Ecology and behaviour
Cape genets have been recorded solitary, and mostly at night. During the day, they rest in trees high above the ground. They are both terrestrial and arboreal, but hunt and feed on the ground.[5] They mark by depositing a secretion from the anal sac.[4] It is unknown whether they are territorial.[10] They use latrine sites to defecate.[11]
Cape genets become active after dark to search for prey. Combining speed and stealth, they dash forward in an elusive fashion, broken up by short pauses. They hiss and growl in stressful situations. Olfactory communication is most likely very important in the life of Cape genets, their social environment and life cycle. When walking on branches, they stay low and laterally swing their legs out so that any misstep is easily correctable.[12]
Feeding ecology
Cape genets feed mostly on rodents such as African vlei rats, rock rats, mice and birds. Also seeds, leaves and grass was found in their stomachs, as well as beetles, grasshoppers, crickets, locusts and termites.[4][5] They find most of their prey in low bushes and leaf litter, including African climbing mice, multimammate mice and African dormice. They are considered to be opportunistic omnivores, since they also catch and feed on insects, spiders, scorpions, and scavenge fish on the beach. Eating grass may aid digestion, dislodge hair in the intestines, induce vomiting to get rid of ingested toxins, relieve throat inflammation and stomach irritation. Birds appear to not be prevalent in their diet.[2]
Reproduction
Cape genets apparently mate during the warm summer months. Pregnant females were observed in September to November.[4][5] Two young weighed 70 g at birth.[5]
A captive breeding pair regularly had litters of two young.[11] Gestation periods last about 70 days. Females make nests in hollow trees, in holes or among boulders. The young open their eyes 10 days after birth, their canine teeth break through at the age of four weeks. They are weaned at about 2.5 months and hunt on their own when about seven months old.[13]
Captive Cape genets lived for 15 years.[14]
Threats
Cape genet in captivity
Cape genets face no major threats. As they sometimes kill poultry, they are killed in retaliation by farmers.[15]
Conservation
Cape genets have been recorded in dozens of protected areas. Outside reserves they are unprotected, and not listed in the South African Red Data Book nor any CITES appendices.[10]
As a pet
The Cape genet is one of the mammalian species kept as an exotic pet.[16]
References
Gaubert, P.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Genetta tigrina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41702A45219459. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41702A45219459.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
Roberts, P.; Somers, M.; White, R.; Nel, J. (2007). "Diet of the South African large-spotted genet Genetta tigrina (Carnivora, Viverridae) in a coastal dune forest". Acta Theriologica. 52 (1): 45–53. doi:10.1007/BF03194198. hdl:10019.1/113751. S2CID 44520588.
Schreber, J. C. D. (1778). "Viverra tigrina". Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. Dritter Theil. Erlangen: Walther. pp. 425−426.
Rautenbach, I. L. (1978). The Mammals of the Transvaal (Doctor Philosophiae). Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal.
Stuart, C.T. (1981). "Notes on the mammalian carnivores of the Cape Province, South Africa". Bontebok. 1: 1–58.
Ewer, R. F. (1973). The Carnivores. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 9780801407451.
Kingdon, J. (1997). The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals. San Diego, California: Academic Press. ISBN 9780124083554.
Gaubert, P., Véron, G., Tranier, M. (2001). An investigation of morpho-anatomical characters within the genus Genetta (Carnivora, Viverridae) with a remark on Osbornictis, the aquatic genet. Symposium International sur les Petits Mammifères Africains, Julliet 1999, Paris. Pp.81–89.
Gaubert, P.; Taylor, P. J.; Veron, G. (2005). "Integrative taxonomy and phylogenetic systematics of the genets (Carnivora, Viverridae, Genetta): a new classification of the most speciose carnivoran genus in Africa" (PDF). In Huber, B. A.; Sinclair, B. J.; Lampe, K.-H. (eds.). African Biodiversity: Molecules, Organisms, Ecosystems. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium of Tropical Biology. Bonn: Museum König. pp. 371–383.
Rowe-Rowe, D. T. (1992). "Genetta tigrina Large-spotted Genet". The carnivores of Natal. Pietermaritzburg: Natal Parks Board. Archived from the original on 2013-12-13. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
Wemmer, C. M. (1977). Comparative Ethology of the Large Spotted Genet (Genetta genetta) and Some Related Viverrids (PDF). Washington: Smithsonian Institutional Press.
Natural History Collections Department of Iziko Museums of South Africa. (2000). Biodiversity Explorer: Genetta tigrina.
Skinner, J. D., Smithers, R. H. N. (1990). The Mammals of the Southern African Subregion. University of Pretoria, Pretoria.
Gaubert, P. (2013). "Genetta tigrina Cape Genet". In Kingdon, J.; Hoffmann, M. (eds.). The Mammals of Africa. Vol. V. Carnivores, Pangolins, Equids and Rhinoceroses. London: Bloomsbury. pp. 247–249.
Stuart, C. T. (1990). The conservation status of mustelids and viverrids in Southern Africa. Small Carnivore Conservation 3: 16.
Van Rompaey, H. & Colyn, M. (1998). "A new servaline genet (Carnivora, Viverridae) from Zanzibar island". South African Journal of Zoology. 33 (1): 42–46. doi:10.1080/02541858.1998.11448452.
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