Gazella subgutturosa (*)
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Laurasiatheria
Cladus: Scrotifera
Cladus: Ferungulata
Cladus: Euungulata
Ordo: Artiodactyla
Cladus: Artiofabula
Cladus: Cetruminantia
Subordo: Ruminantia
Cladus: Pecora
Superfamilia: Bovoidea
Familia: Bovidae
Subfamilia: Antilopinae
Genus: Gazella
Species: Gazella subgutturosa
Subspecies: G. s. hillieriana – G. s. subgutturosa – G. s. yarkandensis
Name
Gazella subgutturosa (Güldenstädt, 1780)
References
Gazella subgutturosa in Mammal Species of the World.
Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (Editors) 2005. Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
IUCN: Gazella subgutturosa (Güldenstädt, 1780) (Vulnerable)
Vernacular names
العربية: غزال درقي، ريم، غزال فارسي
беларуская: Джэйран
Deutsch: Kropfgazelle
English: Goitered Gazelle, Persian gazelle
español: Gacela persa
français: Gazelle à goitre
magyar: Golyvás gazella
polski: Dżejran
Türkçe: ceylan
The goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) or black-tailed gazelle is a gazelle native to Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Iran, parts of Iraq and Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and in northwestern China and Mongolia.[1] The specific name, meaning "full below the throat", refers to the male having an enlargement of the neck and throat during the mating season.
Distribution and habitat
The goitered gazelle inhabits sands and gravel plains and limestone plateau. Large herds were also present in the Near East. Some 6,000 years ago, they were captured and killed with the help of desert kites.[2] Rock art found in Jordan suggests that it was slaughtered ritually.[3]
Behaviour and ecology
Its mating behaviour is polygynous and usually occurs in the early winter.[4] It runs at high speed, without the leaping, bounding gait seen in other gazelle species. Throughout much of its range, the goitered gazelle migrates seasonally.[1] Herds cover 10–30 km (6.2–18.6 mi) per day in the winter, with these distances being reduced to about 1–3 km (0.62–1.86 mi) in summer.
Taxonomy
Several subspecies have been described, and four forms are distinguished, which used to be treated as separate monotypic species.[5] Gazella marica was traditionally recognised as a subspecies, but has been identified as a species in 2011.[6][1]
Persian gazelle (Gazella (subgutturosa) subgutturosa) - southeastern Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Syria, northern and eastern Iraq, Iran, southern Afghanistan, western Pakistan
Turkmen gazelle (Gazella (subgutturosa) gracilicornis) - Kazakhstan (Buzachi) in the east to about Lake Balkash, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan
Yarkand gazelle (Gazella (subgutturosa) yarkandensis) - northern and northwestern China (Xinjiang, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Gansu, Nei Monggol), Mongolia; includes subspecies hilleriana.
Former subspecies
Sand gazelle (Gazella marica) at Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve, United Arab Emirates
The Arabian sand gazelle (Gazella marica)[1] occurs in Saudi Arabia, southern Syria, southwestern Iraq, United Arab Emirates, Oman, offshore Persian Gulf islands.
Until recently, goitered gazelles were considered to represent a single, albeit polymorphic, species. However, recent genetic studies show one of the subspecies, G. s. marica, is paraphyletic in respect to the other populations of goitered gazelles,[6][7]
References
IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Gazella subgutturosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T8976A50187422. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T8976A50187422.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
Bar-Oz, G.; Zeder, M. & Hole, F. (2010). "Role of mass-kill hunting strategies in the extirpation of Persian gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) in the northern Levant". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (18): 7345–7350. doi:10.1073/pnas.1017647108. PMC 3088574. PMID 21502520.
Amos, J. (2011). "Gazelles caught in ancient Syrian 'killing zones'". BBC News. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
Xia, C.; Liu, W.; Xu, W.; Yang, W.; Xu, F. & Blank, D. (2014). "The energy-maintenance strategy of goitered gazelles Gazella subgutturosa during rut". Behavioural Processes. 103: 5–8. doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2013.10.009. PMID 24220795. S2CID 12173688.
Groves, C.P. & Leslie, D.M. Jr. (2011). "Family Bovidae (Hollow-horned Ruminants)". In Wilson, D.E. & Mittermeier, R.A. (eds.). Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol. Volume 2: Hooved Mammals. Lynx Edicions. pp. 585–588. ISBN 978-84-96553-77-4.
Wacher, T.; Wronski, T.; Hammond, R.L.; Winney, B.; Blacket, M.J.; Hundertmark, K.J.; Mohammed, O.B.; Omer, S.A.; Macasero, W.; Lerp, H.; Plath, M. & Bleidor, C. (2011). "Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences reveals polyphyly in the goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) although gene introgression is observed in the contact zone between the two species" (PDF). Conservation Genetics. 12: 827–831. doi:10.1007/s10592-010-0169-6. S2CID 40678328. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 January 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
Murtskhvaladze, M.; Gurielidze, Z.; Kopaliani, N. & Tarkhnishvili, D. (2012). "Gene introgression between Gazella subguturrosa and G. marica: limitations of maternal inheritance analysis for species identification with conservation purposes". Acta Theriologica. 12 (4): 827–831. doi:10.1007/s13364-012-0079-8. S2CID 17324903.
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