Felinae

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Laurasiatheria
Cladus: Scrotifera
Cladus: Ferungulata
Cladus: Ferae
Cladus: Pancarnivora
Cladus: Carnivoramorpha
Cladus: Carnivoraformes
Ordo: Carnivora
Subordo: Feliformia

Familia: Felidae
Subfamilia: Felinae
Genera: Acinonyx – Caracal – Catopuma – Felis – Leopardus – Leptailurus – Lynx – Otocolobus – Pardofelis – Prionailurus – Puma – †Pristifelis – †Sivapardus

Name

Felinae Fischer von Waldheim, 1817

Type genus: Felis Linnaeus, 1758
References

Felinae in Mammal Species of the World.
Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (Editors) 2005. Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
Kitchener, A.C., Breitenmoser-Würsten, Ch., Eizirik, E., Gentry, A., Werdelin, L., Wilting, A., Yamaguchi, N., Abramov, A.V., Christiansen, P., Driscoll, C., Duckworth, J.W., Johnson, W., Luo, S.-J., Meijaard, E., O’Donoghue, P., Sanderson, J., Seymour, K., Bruford, M., Groves, C., Hoffmann, M., Nowell, K., Timmons, Z. & Tobe, S. 2017. A revised taxonomy of the Felidae. The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN/ SSC Cat Specialist Group. Cat News Special Issue 11: 80 pp. PDF. Reference page.

Vernacular names
العربية: قطية
Boarisch: Kloahkotzen
català: Felins
Deutsch: Kleinkatzen
English: Feline
Esperanto: Felisenoj
español: Felinos
français: Félinés
hrvatski: Male mačke
magyar: Hiúz
italiano: Felini
日本語: ネコ亜科
한국어: 고양이아과
polski: koty
português: Felinos/Felíneos
русский: Малые кошки
svenska: Små kattdjur
ไทย: เสือเล็ก, แมว
Türkçe: Küçük kediler

Felinae is a subfamily of the Felidae and comprises the small cats having a bony hyoid, because of which they are able to purr but not roar.[2] Other authors have proposed an alternative definition for this subfamily, as comprising only the living conical-toothed cat genera with two tribes, the Felini and Pantherini, and excluding the extinct sabre-toothed Machairodontinae.[3][4]
Characteristics

The members of the Felinae have retractile claws that are protected by at least one cutaneous lobe. Their larynx is kept close to the base of the skull by an ossified hyoid.[5] They can purr owing to the vocal folds being shorter than 6 mm (0.24 in).[6][7] The cheetah Acinonyx does not have cutaneous sheaths for guarding claws.[8]
Taxonomy

The term 'Felini' was first used in 1817 by Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim, at the time for all the cat species that had been proposed as belonging to the genus Felis.[9] In 1917, Reginald Innes Pocock also subordinated the following genera to the Felinae that had been proposed in the course of the 19th century: Lynx, Puma, Leptailurus, Prionailurus, Pardofelis, Leopardus, Herpailurus, Neofelis and four more.[5]

The Felinae and Pantherinae probably diverged about 11.5 million years ago. The genera within the Felinae diverged between 10.67 and 4.23 million years ago.[10][11]

Today, the following living genera and species are recognised as belonging to the Felinae:[2]

Genus	Species	Image of type species	Range
Acinonyx Brookes, 1828[12]	Cheetah (A. jubatus) Schreber, 1777[13]		Africa and Southwestern Asia
Caracal Gray, 1843[14]	Caracal (C. caracal) (Schreber, 1776)[15] African golden cat (C. aurata) (Temminck, 1827)[16]		Africa and Southwestern Asia
Catopuma Severtzov, 1858[17]	Asian golden cat (C. temminckii) (Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)[18] Bay cat (C. badia) (Gray, 1874)[19]		Southeastern Asia
Felis Linnaeus, 1758[20]	Domestic cat (F. catus) Linnaeus, 1758[20] European wildcat (F. silvestris) Schreber, 1777[21] Jungle cat (F. chaus) Schreber, 1777[22] African wildcat (F. lybica) Forster, 1780[23] Black-footed cat (F. nigripes) Burchell, 1824[24] Sand cat (F. margarita) Loche, 1858[25] Chinese mountain cat (F. bieti) Milne-Edwards, 1892[26]		Afro-Eurasia Worldwide (Domestic Cat)
Herpailurus Severtzov, 1858[17]	Jaguarundi (H. yagouaroundi) (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803)[27]		Central and Southern America
Leopardus Gray, 1842[28]	Ocelot (L. pardalis) (Linnaeus, 1758)[29] Oncilla (L. tigrinus) (Schreber, 1775)[30] Pampas cat (L. colocolo) (Molina, 1782)[31] Kodkod (L. guigna) (Molina, 1782)[31] Margay (L. wiedii) (Schinz, 1821)[32] Geoffroy's cat (L. geoffroyi) (d'Orbigny & Gervais, 1844)[33] Andean mountain cat (L. jacobitus) (Cornalia, 1865)[34] Southern tiger cat (L. guttulus) (Hensel, 1872)[35]		Central and Southern America
Leptailurus Severtzov, 1858[17]	Serval (L. serval) (Schreber, 1775)[36]		Africa
Lynx Kerr, 1792[37]	Eurasian lynx (L. lynx) (Linnaeus, 1758)[38] Bobcat (L. rufus) (Schreber, 1777)[39] Canada lynx (L. canadensis) Kerr, 1792[37] Iberian lynx (L. pardinus) (Temminck, 1827)[40]		Northern Hemisphere
Otocolobus Brandt, 1842[41]	Pallas's cat (O. manul) (Pallas, 1776)[42]		Central Asia
Pardofelis Severtzov, 1858[17]	Marbled cat (P. marmorata) (Martin, 1836)[43]		Southeastern Asia
Prionailurus Severtzov, 1858[17]	Leopard cat (P. bengalensis) (Kerr, 1792)[44] Sunda leopard cat (P. javanensis) (Desmarest, 1816)[45] Flat-headed cat (P. planiceps) (Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)[18] Fishing cat (P. viverrinus) (Bennett, 1833)[46] Rusty-spotted cat (P. rubiginosus) (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1834)[47]		Southeastern and Eastern Asia
Puma Jardine 1834[48]	Cougar (P. concolor) Linnaeus, 1771[49]		Ame

Extinct taxa

Genus	Species	Image
Felis	Felis lunensis
Acinonyx	A. aicha A. intermedius A. pardinensis
Lynx	L. issiodorensis L. rexroadensis[50][51] L. thomasi
Puma	P. lacustris P. pardoides P. pumoides
Leopardus	L. vorohuensis
Leptofelis Salesa et al., 2017	L. vallesiensis
Miracinonyx Adams, 1979[52]	M. inexpectatus M. trumani
Pratifelis Hibbard, 1934	P. martini
Pristifelis Salesa et al., 2012	P. attica
Sivapanthera Kretzoi, 1929[53]	S. arvernensis S. brachygnathus S. linxiaensis S. padhriensis S. pleistocaenicus S. potens

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of Felinae are shown in the following cladogram:[54][55][2]

See also

icon Cats portal
List of felids

References

Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Felinae". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 532–545. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O’Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017). "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group" (PDF). Cat News. Special Issue 11: 11−63.
Werdelin, L.; Yamaguchi, N.; Johnson, W. E.; O'Brien, S. J. (2010). "Phylogeny and evolution of cats (Felidae)". In Macdonald, D. W.; Loveridge, A. J. (eds.). Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 59–82. ISBN 978-0-19-923445-5.
Werdelin, L. (2013). "Subfamily Felinae − Cats". In Kingdon, J.; Happold, D.; Butynski, T.; Hoffmann, M.; Happold, M.; Kalina, J. (eds.). Mammals of Africa. Vol. 5. London, UK: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 144–210. ISBN 978-1-4081-2251-8.
Pocock, R. I. (1917). "The classification of the existing Felidae". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series 8. XX (119): 329–350. doi:10.1080/00222931709487018.
Hast, M. H. (1989). "The larynx of roaring and non-roaring cats". Journal of Anatomy. 163: 117–121. PMC 1256521. PMID 2606766.
Peters, G. (2002). "Purring and similar vocalizations in mammals". Mammal Review. 32 (4): 245−271. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2907.2002.00113.x.
Pocock, R. I. (1917). "VII.—On the external characters of the Felidæ". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology. 8. 19 (109): 113−136. doi:10.1080/00222931709486916.
Fischer, G. (1817). "Adversaria Zoologica. Fasciculus primus. Quaedam ad Mammalium systema et genera illustranda". Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou. 5: 357−446.
Johnson, W. E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E. & O'Brien, S. J. (2006). "The Late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment". Science. 311 (5757): 73–77. Bibcode:2006Sci...311...73J. doi:10.1126/science.1122277. PMID 16400146. S2CID 41672825.
Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E.; Murphy, W. J. (2016). "Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae)". Genome Research. 26 (1): 1−11. doi:10.1101/gr.186668.114. PMC 4691742. PMID 26518481.
Brookes, J. (1828). "Section Carnivora". A catalogue of the Anatomical and Zoological Museum of Joshua Brookes. London: Richard Taylor. p. 16.
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Gray, J. E. (1843). "Felidae". List of the specimens of Mammalia in the British Museum. London: The British Museum. pp. 39–46.
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Werdelin, L.; Yamaguchi, N.; Johnson, W. E.; O'Brien, S. J. (2010). "Phylogeny and evolution of cats (Felidae)". In Macdonald, D. W.; Loveridge, A. J. (eds.). Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 59–82. ISBN 978-0-19-923445-5.
Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Order Carnivora". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 532–628. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

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