Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Laurasiatheria
Cladus: Scrotifera
Ordo: Chiroptera
Subordo: Yinpterochiroptera
Familia: Pteropodidae
Subfamilia: Cynopterinae
Tribus: Balionycterini
Genus: Chironax
Species: Chironax melanocephalus
Subspecies (2): C. m. melanocephalus – C. m. tumulus
Name
Chironax melanocephalus (Temminck, 1825)
Lectotype: RMNH 35728, adult ♀, skin, skull and post-cranial skeleton. [designated by Bergmans & Rozendaal (1988: 44)]
Type locality: “île de Java”, restricted to “Gunung Karang, Bantam, West Java”, Indonesia, by Bergmans & Rozendaal (1988: 46).
Combinations
Pteropus melanocephalus Temminck, 1825: 190 [original combination]
Chironax melanocephalus: Andersen, 1912: 660 [name combination]
References
Primary references
Temminck, C.J. 1825. Cinquième Monographie. Vues générales sur l'ordre des cheiroptères. Pp. 157–204, pl. XX–XVI in Temminck, C.J. Monographies de Mammalogie, ou description de quelques genres de Mammifères, dont les espèces ont été observées dans les différens musées de l'Europe. Tome Premier. G. Dufour et E. d'Ocagne: Paris. BnF Gallica GoogleBooks. Reference page.
Bergmans, W. & Rozendaal, F.G. 1988. Notes on collections of fruit bats from Sulawesi and some off-lying Islands (Mammalia; Megachiroptera). Zoologische Verhandelingen 248: 1–74.
Links
Chironax melanocephalus in Mammal Species of the World.
Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (Editors) 2005. Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
Hutson, A.M., Kingston, T. & Suyanto, A. 2008. IUCN: Chironax melanocephalus (Least Concern). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T4670A11074797. DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T4670A11074797.en
Vernacular names
English: Black-capped Fruit Bat
Bahasa Melayu: Cecadu Kepala Hitam
The black-capped fruit bat (Chironax melanocephalus) is a species of megabat in the monotypic genus Chironax.
Distribution
Seven specimens of C. melanocephalus were collected from the lowland forest at Kubah and Lambir, and beach forest at Samunsam, Sarawak, Borneo. The specimen that was mist-netted in Kubah National Park on 12 July 1995 was a first record for Sarawak (Abdullah et al. 1997). According to Payne et al. (1985) the distribution of C. melanocephalus in Borneo is only known from Sepilok in Sabah and Temburong in Brunei. The range includes Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java and Sulawesi (Payne et al. 1985).
Biology and ecology
The habitat where it was caught was lowland mixed dipterocarp forest. Two specimens were caught in the understory of primary dipterocarp forest in Kubah National Park; one from the understory of mixed beach forest habitat in Samunsam Wildlife Sanctuary; and four from the canopy (between 15 and 30 m) of the primary dipterocarp forest in Lambir Hills National Park. These sites are new distributional records for C. melanocephalus in Sarawak and have extended the range of the species to the western part of Borneo. The bat normally roosts in small groups in tree ferns and in shallow caves (Payne et al. 1985).
All C. melanocephalus caught were adults, three males and four females. Two were in non-reproductive condition and others were in various reproductive stages. A female (MTA96041) caught on 21 May 1996 from Kubah was pregnant. In November 1996, two females caught in Lambir Hills National Park were in post-lactating condition, suggesting recent detachment or loss of juveniles. A male caught at the same site was observed to have enlarged testes. Medway (1978) recorded pregnant females in February and April in the upland area of Cameron highlands in Peninsular Malaysia.
References
Tsang, S.M.; Hutson, A.M.; Kingston, T.; Suyanto, A. (2020). "Chironax melanocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T4670A22037874. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T4670A22037874.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
Hall LS, Gordon G. Grigg, Craig Moritz, Besar Ketol, Isa Sait, Wahab Marni and M.T. Abdullah. 2004. Biogeography of fruit bats in Southeast Asia. Sarawak Museum Journal LX(81):191-284.
Karim, C., A.A. Tuen and M.T. Abdullah. 2004. Mammals. Sarawak Museum Journal Special
Issue No. 6. 80: 221—234.
Mohd. Azlan J., Ibnu Maryanto, Agus P. Kartono and M.T. Abdullah. 2003 Diversity, Relative
Abundance and Conservation of Chiropterans in Kayan Mentarang National Park, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Sarawak Museum Journal 79: 251-265.
Hall LS, Richards GC, Abdullah MT. 2002. The bats of Niah National Park, Sarawak. Sarawak Museum Journal. 78: 255-282.
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