Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohort: Theria
Cohort: Eutheria
Cohort: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Laurasiatheria
Ordo: Chiroptera
Subordo: Microchiroptera
Superfamilia: Molossoidea
Familia: Molossidae
Subfamilia: Molossinae
Genus: Cheiromeles
Species: Cheiromeles torquatus
Subspecies: C. t. caudatus – C. t. jacobsoni – C. t. torquatus
Name
Cheiromeles torquatus Horsfield, 1824
Type locality: Malaysia, Penang.
References
Horsfield, 1824. Zool. Res. Java, Part 8: Cheiromeles torquatus, pl. and 10 unno. pp.
Conservation status: IUCN: Cheiromeles torquatus (Near Threatened)
Cheiromeles torquatus in Mammal Species of the World.
Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (Editors) 2005. Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
Distribution
Peninsular Malaysia
Terutau Island (Thailand)
Sumatra and Java, Borneo
Palawan Island (Philippines).
Vernacular names
English: Greater Naked Bat.
Bahasa Melayu: Batin Kelasar
The hairless bat (Cheiromeles torquatus), also called the naked bulldog bat[2] and greater naked bat,[1] is a species of bat in the family Molossidae. The generic name Cheiromeles comes from the Greek word cheir (Greek for hand) and the species name is derived from the Latin torques (Latin for collar).[2]
This bat is a hawking insectivore, using echolocation to find insects on the wing.[3]
The hairless bat is mostly hairless, but does have short, bristly hairs around its neck, on its front toes, and around the throat sac, along with fine hairs on the head and tail membrane.[4]
Habitat, distribution and range
This species is predominantly concentrated in the South East Asian regions of Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaysia, Java, Thailand, Sumatra and Borneo. Some of it are also found in the Island surrounding Philippines.[5] There is no current estimate of population size as it is highly dispersed and rarely found. It inhabits mainly lowlands, marshes, rocky surfaces with holes and crevices, dens, farms and trees. It is a colonial species, roosting in groups to conserve energy. It is typically harmless but is considered a pest in some rice growing areas.[1]
Description
Its dark grey skin is largely hairless, but may have some fine patches of hair around the throat and under hind foot. They scent mark their territories with secretions from glands located at the tip of the neck. Sometimes these secretory glands have sub maxillary pouches located either inside the ears or beneath the neck region used for 'brooding' and 'nursing' purposes.[6] It possesses a broad face, robust jaw, wide wings and protruding tail that is longer than the hind limb. The first toe bears a nail rather than a claw, and is opposable. The dental formula is 1/1, 1/1, 1/2, 3/2 with small incisors and a diastema forms between upper and lower incisors.[6]
Reproduction
C.torquatus produces an average of two litters a year and as soon as they are born, the mother leaves them at the roost to hunt.[7] Males typically do not invest in parental care.
Behavior
They are nocturnal, migratory and colonial. Hunting starts early in the morning where they leave their roost and begin preying on larger insects than other bats.[8]
Threats
The species' population is decreasing due to roost sites being destroyed and habitat fragmentation is causing them to relocate at different regions resulting in isolation. Some indigenous Malay people eat these bats as delicacy and kill them in large numbers.[9] This is drastically reducing the overall population of these bats, making them vulnerable.[10]
Conservation actions
Despite their contribution in pest control, their population has been in danger recently. Population recovery is being attempted in some regions and some are being placed in protected areas with ongoing habitat reconstruction, as well as attempts to educate indigenous people about their importance.[11]
References
Senawi, J.; Csorba, G.; Bumrungsri, S.; Francis, C.; Bates, P.J.J.; Gumal, M.; Kingston, T. (2019). "Cheiromeles torquatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T4601A22035361. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T4601A22035361.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
Leong, T. M., et al. (2009). The naked bulldog bat, Cheiromeles torquatus in Singapore—past and present records, with highlights on its unique morphology (Microchiroptera: Molossidae. Archived 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine Nature in Singapore 2, 215-30.
Kingston, T., et al. (2003). Alternation of echolocation calls in 5 species of aerial-feeding insectivorous bats from Malaysia. Journal of Mammalogy 84(1), 205-15.
Thomson, P. (2002). "Cheiromeles torquatus". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 29 October 2013.
Clements, R., Sodhi, N. S., Schilthuizen, M. and Ng, P. K. L. 2006. Limestone Karsts of Southeast Asia: Imperiled Arks of Biodiversity. BioScience 56(9): 733–742
Lekagul, B., J. McNeely. 1977. Mammals of Thailand. Bangkok: Sahakarnbhat.
Leong, T. M., S. C. Teo & K. K. P. Lim, 2009. The Naked Bulldog Bat, Cheiromeles torquatus in Singapore — past and present records, with highlights on its unique morphology (Microchiroptera: Molossidae). Nature in Singapore, 2: 215–230
Freeman, P. March 31, 1981. A Multivariate Study of the Family Molossidae (Mammalia, Chiroptera): Morphology, Ecology, Evolution. FIELDIANA Zoology, New Series, No. 7: 87-88.
Leong, T. M., S. C. Teo & K. K. P. Lim, 2009. The Naked Bulldog Bat, Cheiromeles torquatus in Singapore — past and present records, with highlights on its unique morphology (Microchiroptera: Molossidae). Nature in Singapore, 2: 215–230. [PDF, 1.91 MB]
Hilton-Taylor, C. 2000. "2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (On-line). Accessed October 11, 2001 at http://www.redlist.org/search/details.php?species=4601.
Nowak, R. 1991. Walker's Mammals of the World. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press
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