Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Laurasiatheria
Cladus: Scrotifera
Cladus: Ferungulata
Cladus: Euungulata
Ordo: Artiodactyla
Cladus: Artiofabula
Cladus: Cetruminantia
Subordo: Whippomorpha
Infraordo: Cetacea
Cladus: Neoceti
Parvordo: Odontoceti
Cladus: Delphinida
Superfamilia: Delphinoidea
Familia: Delphinidae
Genus: Cephalorhynchus
Species: Cephalorhynchus eutropia
Name
Cephalorhynchus eutropia J. E. Gray, 1846
Original combination: Delphinus eutropia
References
Gray, J.E. 1849: Descriptions of three new species of Delphinidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1849: 1–3. BHL
Links
Cephalorhynchus eutropia - Taxonomy
Vernacular names
Deutsch: Weißbauchdelfin
English: Chilean Dolphin, Black dolphin
suomi: Chilendelfiini
magyar: Chilei delfin
日本語: ハラジロイルカ
português: Golfinho-chileno
svenska: Vitbukig delfin, Chiledelfin
Türkçe: Şili yunusu
The Chilean dolphin (Cephalorhynchus eutropia), also known as the Black dolphin, is one of four dolphins in the genus Cephalorhynchus. The dolphin is found only off the coast of Chile; it is commonly referred to in the country as tonina.[4]
Physical description
The Chilean dolphin is small at around 1.7 metres (5 ft 7 in) in length, with a blunt head. These characteristics often make for its incorrect identification as a porpoise. This dolphin is thickly shaped with its girth up to two-thirds its length. The dorsal fin and flippers are small in proportion to body size in comparison with other dolphins. The throat, underside, and the closest part of the flippers to the body are white. The remainder of the body is a mix of greys. It has 28–34 pairs of teeth in the upper jaw and 29–33 in the lower.
The Chilean dolphin is normally sighted in small groups of around two to ten individuals, with some larger gatherings occasionally sighted.
Longevity, gestation, and lactation periods are not known, but are believed to be similar in length to the more studied, and similar, Hector's and Commerson's dolphins which have a gestation period of about 10 months to one year and maximum longevity of 20 years.
Population and distribution
The population of the Chilean dolphin, perhaps one of the least studied of all cetaceans, is not known with certainty. There may be as many as a few thousand individuals, although at least one researcher, Steve Leatherwood, has suggested the population may be much lower (see also [1] for a survey of South American cetacean population with data on the Chilean dolphin). Whatever its number, the Chilean dolphin is endemic to the coast of Chile and thought not to migrate. The dolphin is seen over a wider interval of latitudes than other Cephalorhynchus species — from Valparaíso at 33°S to Cape Horn at 55°S. The species prefers shallow water regions and more specifically areas near rivers and high tides. The close association with riverine and estuarine ecosystems makes Chilean dolphins extremely vulnerable to habitat loss both from coastal and upstream river basin degradation. The limited distribution and relatively inflexible habits of cultural degradation makes them particularly vulnerable to fragmentation and population loss in the face of increasing human activities in the far flung regions of the world.
Conservation
The Chilean dolphin is listed on Appendix II[5] Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). It is listed on Appendix II[5] as it has an unfavourable conservation status or would benefit significantly from international co-operation organised by tailored agreements.[6]
Name
In the early part of the 20th century, the Chilean dolphin was commonly known as the black dolphin. This was later agreed to be a poor choice of name. Most of the few individual specimens studied by scientists were either washed-up individuals whose skin had darkened due to exposure to air or live specimens seen at sea but only at a distance (and so appeared darker than they were). As more specimens were studied, it became clear that the back of the dolphin was in fact a mixture of grey colours and that its underside was white. The scientific community is now universally agreed in naming the dolphin Chilean on account of its distribution along the coast of the country.
Pictures
See also
Cetaceans portaliconMammals portalMarine life portal
Cetacean Conservation Center
Dolphin Research Center
List of cetaceans
Southern Ocean
References
"Cephalorhynchus eutropia Gray 1846 (dolphin)". PBDB.
Heinrich, S.; Reeves, R. (2017). "Cephalorhynchus eutropia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T4160A50351955. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T4160A50351955.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
"Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
Chilean Dolphin Archived 18 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine Spanish site promoting conservation and awareness of this species.
"Appendix II Archived 11 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine" of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). As amended by the Conference of the Parties in 1985, 1988, 1991, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2002, 2005 and 2008. Effective: 5 March 2009.
"Convention on Migratory Species page on the Chilean dolphin". Archived from the original on 3 February 2007. Retrieved 26 January 2007.
[1]
Ribeiro, S., Viddi, F. A., Cordeiro, J. K., & Freitas, T. R. O. (2007). Fine-scale habitat selection of Chilean dolphins (cephalorhynchus eutropia): Interactions with aquaculture activities in southern chiloe island, chile. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 87(1), 119–128. doi:10.1017/S0025315407051594
National Audubon Society: Guide to Marine Mammals of the World ISBN 0-375-41141-0
Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals ISBN 0-12-551340-2
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