Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Laurasiatheria
Cladus: Euungulata
Ordo: Artiodactyla
Cladus: Artiofabula
Cladus: Cetruminantia
Subordo: Ruminantia
Familia: Cervidae
Subfamilia: Capreolinae
Genera:Alces - Blastocerus - Capreolus - Hippocamelus– Hydropotes – Alces - Blastocerus - Capreolus - Hippocamelus Mazama - Odocoileus - Ozotoceros - Pudu - Rangifer
Name
Capreolinae Brookes, 1828
Synonyms
Odocoileinae Pocock, 1923
Odocoileini Pocock, 1923
Alceini Brookes, 1828
Elaphalcedae Brookes, 1828
Mazamadae Brookes, 1828
Mazaminae Kraglievitch, 1932
Pudinae Pocock, 1923
Rangiferini Brookes, 1828
Subulidae Brookes, 1828
References
Capreolinae in Mammal Species of the World.
Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (Editors) 2005. Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
Capreolinae – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Vernacular names
The Capreolinae, Odocoileinae, or the New World deer are a subfamily of deer. Alternatively, they are known as the telemetacarpal deer, due to their bone structure being different from the plesiometacarpal deer subfamily Cervinae. The telemetacarpal deer maintain their distal lateral metacarpals, while the plesiometacarpal deer maintain only their proximal lateral metacarpals.[1] The Capreolinae are believed to have originated in the Middle Miocene, between 7.7 and 11.5 million years ago, in Central Asia.[2]
Although this subfamily is called New World deer in English, it includes reindeer, moose, and roe deer, all of which live in Eurasia in the Old World.
Classification
The following extant genera and species are recognized:[3][4][5][6][7]
Tribe Capreolini
Genus Capreolus
Western roe deer (C. capreolus)
Eastern roe deer (C. pygargus)
Genus Hydropotes
Water deer (H. inermis)
Tribe Alceini
Genus Alces
Moose or Eurasian elk (A. alces)
Tribe Odocoileini
Genus Rangifer
Caribou/reindeer (R. tarandus)
Genus Odocoileus
Mule deer (O. hemionus)
White-tailed deer (O. virginianus)
Yucatan brown brocket (O. pandora)
†American mountain deer (O. lucasi)
Genus Blastocerus
Marsh deer (B. dichotomus)
Genus Hippocamelus
Taruca (H. antisensis)
South Andean deer or huemul (H. bisulcus)
Genus Mazama
Gray brocket (M. gouazoubira)
Northern Venezuelan brocket (M. cita, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. gouazoubira)
Ecuador brocket (M. murelia, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. gouazoubira)
Isla San Jose brocket (M. permira, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. gouazoubira)
Colombian brocket (M. sanctaemartae, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. gouazoubira)
Brazilian brocket (M. superciliaris, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. gouazoubira)
Peruvian brocket (M. tschudii, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. gouazoubira)
Rodon (M. rondoni, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. gouazoubira)
Amazonian brown brocket (M. nemorivaga)
Central American red brocket (M. temama)
Small red brocket or bororo (M. bororo)
Dwarf brocket (M. chunyi)
Pygmy brocket (M. nana)
Merida brocket (M. bricenii)
Little red brocket (M. rufina)
American red brocket (M. americana) (This species has found to be closer to Odocoileus than other brockets.)[6]
Ecuador red brocket (Mazama gualea, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. americana)
Brazilian red brocket (M. jucunda, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. americana)
Yucatan brown brocket (M. pandora)
Trinidad red brocket (M. trinitatis, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. americana)
Southern red brocket (Mazama whitelyi, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. americana)
Peruvian red brocket (Mazama zamora, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. americana)
Colombian red brocket (Mazama zetta, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. americana)
Genus Ozotoceros
Pampas deer (O. bezoarticus)
Genus Pudu
Northern pudu (P. mephistophiles)
Southern pudu (P. pudu)
Extinct genera
†Agalmaceros
†Antifer
†Bretzia
†Cervalces
†C. carnutorum
†C. scotti
†C. latifrons
†Eocoileus
†Libralces
†Morenelaphus
†Pavlodaria
†Procapreolus
†Torontoceros
References
Azanza, B.; Rossner, G. & Ortiz-Jaureguizar E. (2013). "The early Turolian (late Miocene) Cervidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the fossil site of Dron-Durkheim 1 (German) and implications on the origin of crown cervids". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 93 (1): 217–258. doi:10.1007/s12549-013-0118-8. hdl:11336/13861. S2CID 129071065.
Gilbert, C.; Ropiquet, A.; Hassanin A. (July 2006). "Mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies of Cervidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia): Systematics, morphology, and biogeography". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 40 (1): 101–117. doi:10.1016/J.Ympev.2006.02.017. PMID 16584894.[permanent dead link]
Randi, E.; Mucci, N.; et al. (February 2001). "A mitochondrial DNA control region phylogeny of the Cervinae: speciation in Cervus and implications for conservation". Animal Conservation. 4 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1017/S1367943001001019. S2CID 86572236.
Pitraa, C.; Fickel, J.; et al. (December 2004). "Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33 (3): 880–895. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.013. PMID 15522810.
Alvarez D. (2007)[full citation needed]
Duarte, J.M.B.; González, S.; Maldonado, J.E. (October 2008). "The surprising evolutionary history of South American deer". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 49 (1): 17–22. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.07.009. PMID 18675919.
"A new perspective on Ungulate Taxonomy". Archived from the original on 2012-12-01. Retrieved 2013-01-23.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/"
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License
