Callosciurus

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Euarchontoglires
Ordo: Rodentiaa
Subordo: Sciuromorpha

Familia: Sciuridae
Subfamilia: Callosciurinae
Genus: Callosciurus
Species: C. adamsi - C. albescens - C. baluensis - C. caniceps - C. erythraeus – C. finlaysonii – C. inornatus – C. melanogaster – C. nigrovittatus – C. notatus – C. orestes – C. phayrei – C. prevostii – C. pygerythrus – C. quinquestriatus

Name

Callosciurus (Gray, 1867)
References

Callosciurus in Mammal Species of the World.
Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (Editors) 2005. Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.

Vernacular names
Deutsch: Echte Schönhörnchen
English: Beautiful Squirrel
lietuvių: Puošniosios voverės
polski: Wiewiórczak
ไทย: สกุลกระรอกหลากสี
中文: 麗松鼠屬

Callosciurus is a genus of squirrels collectively referred to as the "beautiful squirrels". They are found mainly in Southeast Asia, though a few species also occur in Nepal, northeastern India, Bangladesh and southern China.[1] Several of the species have settled on islands. In total, the genus contains 15 species and numerous varieties and subspecies.[1] The genera Glyphotes, Rubrisciurus, and Tamiops have sometimes been included in Callosciurus.
Species

There are approximately 15 species in this genus,[1] and over 60 subspecies. These squirrels range in length from 13 to 27 cm (5.1 to 10.6 in), not including the tail which is often about the same length as the body.[2][3] Most are rather dull olive-brown to gray and several have a pale and dark stripe on their side, however a few are very colorful.[2] The Pallas's squirrel may have an unremarkable olive-gray back, while its belly is often –but not always– bright red.[4] The "typical" subspecies of Prevost's squirrels have black backs, white sides, and red-brown undersides. The Finlayson's squirrel occurs in numerous varieties, three of which are overall red-brown, overall black, or pure white.[2]

Most squirrels in Callosciurus live in tropical rain forests, but some individuals live in parks and gardens in cities. In the trees, they build their nests out of plant material. They are solitary, and give birth to one to five young. Their food consists of nuts, fruits, and seeds, and also of insects and bird eggs.

Image	Scientific name	Common name	Description	Distribution
	Callosciurus quinquestriatus	Anderson's squirrel	Made up of two subspecies, C. q. quinqestriatus and C. q. imarius.[5] This species is listed as "Near Threatened" by the IUCN due to habitat loss.[6]	China and Myanmar
	Callosciurus nigrovittatus	Black-striped squirrel	This taxon consists of four subspecies: C. n. nigrovittatus, C. n. bilimitatus, C. n. bocki, and C. n. klossi.[5] It is listed as "Near Threatened" by the IUCN.[7]	Java, Sumatra, southern Thailand, the Malay Peninsula, and numerous small islands
	Callosciurus orestes	Borneo black-banded squirrel	Listed as "Least Concern" by the IUCN.[8]	Endemic to northern Borneo
	Callosciurus adamsi	Ear-spot squirrel	Listed as "Vulnerable" by the IUCN.[1][9]	northern Borneo
	Callosciurus finlaysonii, misspelled C. finlaysoni	Finlayson's squirrel, variable squirrel		Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam.
	Callosciurus caniceps	Grey-bellied squirrel	consist of six subspecies found in forests, plantations and gardens	Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, southern Myanmar, southern China (Yunnan) and possibly western Laos.[10]
	Callosciurus honkhoaiensis	Hon Khoai squirrel	First described in 2018, it is a dwarf species related to the grey-bellied squirrel, from which it probably diverged during the Pliocene.[11]	found only on Hon Khoai island off the southern tip of Vietnam
	Callosciurus inornatus	Inornate squirrel	This squirrel was once considered a subspecies of Callosciurus pygerythrus, and as a result several texts inaccurately cite C. pygerythrus as being found in these areas.[12] The reclassification was based on different fur characteristics, placing it closer in relation to C. caniceps.[12][13] It is listed as "Least Concern" by IUCN.[12]	distributed across Laos, Vietnam, and the Chinese province of Yunnan.
	Callosciurus pygerythrus	Irrawaddy squirrel	Made up of seven subspecies	found throughout Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar, and Nepal.[5][14]
	Callosciurus baluensis	Kinabalu squirrel	Its tail and upperparts are grizzled blackish, the underparts are reddish-orange, and the flanks have a narrow buff stripe with a broader black stripe below.[3] This species is listed as "Least Concern" by the IUCN.[15]	endemic to northeastern Borneo, specifically the wide area around Mount Kinabalu.[1]
	Callosciurus albescens	Kloss's squirrel	population data is insufficient to assess its endangerment status according to the IUCN.[1][16] It is debated whether it is a subspecies of C. notatus, which would make Kloss's squirrel instead be named C. notatus albescens.	endemic to northern Sumatra
	Callosciurus melanogaster	Mentawai squirrel	It is further dived into three subspecies: C. m. melanogaster, C. m. mentawi, and C. m. atratus.[5] This small isolated population is listed as "Vulnerable" by the IUCN due to habitat loss.[17]	native to the Mentawai Islands off the west coast of Sumatra
	Callosciurus phayrei	Phayre's squirrel	listed as "Least Concern" by the IUCN.[1][18]	found in China and southern Myanmar
	Callosciurus notatus	Plantain squirrel	found in a wide range of habitats: forests, mangroves, parks, gardens, agricultural areas	Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand
	Callosciurus prevostii	Prevost's squirrel, Asian tri-colored squirrel		forest in the Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and nearby smaller islands, with an introduced population in northern Sulawesi.
	Callosciurus erythraeus	Pallas's squirrel, red-bellied tree squirrel		Greater China, India, and Southeast Asia.

References

Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
Francis, C. M. (2008). A Guide to the Mammals of Southeast Asia. ISBN 978-0-691-13551-9
Payne, J., and C. M. Francis (1985), A Field Guide to the Mammals of Borneo. ISBN 967-99947-1-6
Smith, T. S., and Y. Xie, editors (2008). A Guide to the Mammals of China. ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2
Thorington, R.W. Jr.; Hoffmann, R.S. (2005). "Family Sciuridae". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference (3rd ed.). The Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 754–818. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 26158608.
Lunde, D.; Duckworth, J. W.; Lee, B. & Tizard, R. J. (2008). "Callosciurus quinquestriatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T3605A9977678. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T3605A9977678.en. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
Duckworth, J. W.; Lee, B. & Tizard, R. J. (2008). "Callosciurus nigrovittatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T3599A9967361. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T3599A9967361.en. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
Lee, B.P.Y-H.; Tizard, R.J. (2016). "Callosciurus orestes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T3601A22253873. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T3601A22253873.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
Kennerley, R.; Meijaard, E. (2016). "Callosciurus adamsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T3591A22254804. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T3591A22254804.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
Duckworth, J.W. (2016). "Callosciurus caniceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T3594A22254694. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T3594A22254694.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
Nguyen, Son Truong; Oshida, Tatsuo; Dang, Phuong Huy; Bui, Hai Tuan; Motokawa, Masaharu (June 2018). "A new species of squirrel (Sciuridae:Callosciurus) from an isolated island off the Indochina Peninsula in southern Vietnam". Journal of Mammalogy. 99 (4): 813–825. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyy061.
Duckworth, J.W.; Timmins, R.J. (2016). "Callosciurus inornatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T3597A22254170. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T3597A22254170.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
Corbet and Hill, 1992
Duckworth, J.W. (2016). "Callosciurus pygerythrus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T3604A22253451. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T3604A22253451.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
Meijaard, E. (2016). "Callosciurus baluensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T3593A22254589. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T3593A22254589.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
Koprowski, J. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Callosciurus albescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T3592A115065203. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T3592A22254928.en. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
Lee, B. (2016). "Callosciurus melanogaster". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T3598A22254282. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T3598A22254282.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.

Chiozza, F. (2016). "Callosciurus phayrei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T3602A22253805. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T3602A22253805.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.

Ronald M. Nowak: Walker's Mammals of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999 ISBN 0-8018-5789-9
Ecology Asia page with photos and description.
Wildlife Singapore Photos and description
Ecology Asia Photos and description