Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Subordo: Cynodontia
Infraordo: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Laurasiatheria
Ordo: Chiroptera
Subordo: Microchiroptera
Superfamilia: Emballonuroidea
Familia: Emballonuridae
Subfamilia: Emballonurinae
Genus: Balantiopteryx
Species: Balantiopteryx io
Name
Balantiopteryx io Thomas, 1904
Type locality: Guatemala, Alta Verapaz.
References
Thomas. 1904 Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 7, 13: 252.
Conservation status: IUCN: Balantiopteryx io (Near Threatened)
Distribution
South Veracruz and Oaxaca (Mexico) to Guatemala and Belize.
Vernacular names
English: Thomas's Sac-winged Bat
Thomas's sac-winged bat (Balantiopteryx io) is a species of sac-winged bat in the family Emballonuridae.[2] It is found in Belize, Guatemala, and Mexico.[1]
Taxonomy
Oldfield Thomas named this bat in 1904.[3] It is presumed that he named it after the Io found in Greek mythology, who was cursed by Hera to be eternally chased, because bats seem to be “flighty.” [4] Balantiopteryx io is a sister species of Balantiopteryx infusca and has no recognised subspecies.[5]
Appearance
It is the smallest species when compared to others in the genus Balantiopteryx, and lacks the white trim that is characteristic of Balantiopteryx plicata. The males weigh about 3.7 g, while the females weigh about 5 g.[6]
Biology and behavior
Thomas's sac-winged bat prefers to live in caves near the entrance, but there have been instances where they have been found deeper in the caves where it is darker.[6] It has also been found in railroad tunnels.[5] It likes to stay about nine inches or more away from the others when hanging on the ceiling.[6] Groups of fifty or more of these bats can be found in a colony.[7] It feeds on insects after sunset, so observing the bats is difficult.[7][8] There is not much data available for this species’ courting rituals, but what is known is that the female usually has one fetus, and the pregnant females can be found in March, April, May, and June.[6]
Conservation
The bat is considered “vulnerable” according to the IUCN redlist, and the population is decreasing.[7] This assumption comes from the evidence of habitat destruction, and it has been estimated that about 30% of the bats’ natural habitat has been destroyed by human causes such as vandalism, fires in caves, and tourism.[7]
References
Lim, B. (2015). "Balantiopteryx io". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T2532A22030080. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T2532A22030080.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
Simmons, N.B. (2005). "Order Chiroptera". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 312–529. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
Thomas, Oldfield (1904). "XXIX.—New forms of Saimiri, Saccopteryx, Balantiopteryx, and Thrichomys from the Neotropical region". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 7. 13 (76): 250–255. doi:10.1080/00222930409487064. ISSN 0374-5481. OCLC 4806270958.
Beolens, Bo; Grayson, Michael; Watkins, Michael (2009). The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 205. doi:10.1353/book.3355. ISBN 9780801895333. OCLC 8160843969. S2CID 81786606.
Gardner, Alfred L. Mammals of South America. Chicago: University of Chicago, 2008, p. 194.
Arroyo-Cabrales, Joaquin; Knox Jones, J. (1988). "Balantiopteryx io and infusca". Mammalian Species. 313: 1–3. doi:10.2307/3504205.
Lim, Miller, Reid, Arroyo-Cabrales, Cuarón, and de Grammont 2008[full citation needed]
Nowak, Ronald M. Walker's Bats of the World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1994, p. 96
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