Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohors: Theria
Cohors: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Laurasiatheria
Cladus: Scrotifera
Ordo: Chiroptera
Subordo: Yangochiroptera
Superfamilia: Noctilionoidea
Familia: Phyllostomidae
Subfamilia: Glossophaginae
Tribus: Choeronycterini
Genus: Anoura
Species (10): A. aequatoris – A. cadenai – A. caudifer – A. cultrata – A. fistulata – A. geoffroyi – A. javieri – A. latidens – A. luismanueli – A. peruana
Name
Anoura Gray, 1838: 490
Type species: Anoura geoffroyi Gray, 1838, by monotypy.
Synonyms
Anura Agassiz, 1846: 27 [unjustified emendation]
Lonchoglossa Peters, 1868: 364
Type species: Glossophaga caudifer Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818, by monotypy.
Glossonycteris Peters, 1868: 364
Type species: Glossonycteris lasiopyga Peters, 1868, by monotypy.
References
Primary references
Gray, J.E. 1838. A Revision of the Genera of Bats (Vespertilionidae) and the Description of some new Genera and Species. Magazine of Zoology and Botany 2(12): 483–505. BHL Reference page.
Peters, W. 1868. Über die zu den Glossophagae gehörigen Flederthiere und über eine neue Art der Gattung Colëura. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1868: 361–368. BHL Reference page.
Additional references
Muchhala, N., Mena V., P. & Albuja V., L. 2005. A new species of Anoura (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from the Ecuadorian Andes. Journal of Mammalogy 86(3): 457–461. DOI: 10.1644/1545-1542(2005)86[457:ANSOAC]2.0.CO;2 Open access Reference page.
Mantilla-Meluk, H. & Baker, R.J. 2006. Systematics of small Anoura (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from Colombia, with description of a new species. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 261: 1–18. BHL Reference page.
Jarrín-V., P. & Kunz, T.H. 2008. Taxonomic history of the genus Anoura (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) with insights into the challenges of morphological species delimitation. Acta Chiropterologica 10(2): 257–269. DOI: 10.3161/150811008X414836 Paywall Reference page.
Mantilla-Meluk, H. & Baker, R.J. 2010. New species of Anoura (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from Colombia, with systematic remarks and notes on the distribution of the A. geoffroyi complex. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 292: 1–19. BHL Reference page.
Pacheco, V., Sánchez-Vendizú, P. & Solari, S. 2018. A New Species of Anoura Gray, 1838 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from Peru, with Taxonomic and Biogeographic Comments on Species of the Anoura caudifer Complex. Acta Chiropterologica 20(1): 31–50. DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2018.20.1.002 Paywall Reference page.
Vargas-Arboleda, A., Cuadrado-Ríos, S. & Mantilla-Meluk, H. 2020. Systematic considerations on two species of nectarivorous bats (Anoura caudifer and A. geoffroyi) based on barcoding sequences. Acta Biológica Colombiana 25(2): 194–201. DOI: 0.15446/abc.v25n2.75848 Open access Reference page.
Calderón-Acevedo, C.A., Rodríguez-Posada, M.E. & Muchhala, N. 2021. Morphology and genetics concur that Anoura carishina is a synonym of Anoura latidens (Chiroptera, Glossophaginae). Mammalia 85(5): 471–481. DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2020-0183 Open access Reference page.
Calderón-Acevedo, C.A., Bagley, J.C. & Muchhala, N. 2022. Genome-wide ultraconserved elements resolve phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history among Neotropical leaf-nosed bats in the genus Anoura (Phyllostomidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 167: 107356. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107356 Paywall Reference page.
Molinari, J., Gutiérrez, E.E. & Lim, B.K. 2023. Systematics and biogeography of Anoura cultrata (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae): a morphometric, niche modeling, and genetic perspective, with a taxonomic reappraisal of the genus. Zootaxa 5297(2): 151–188. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5297.2.1 Open access Reference page.
Vernacular names
English: Tailless Bats
Anoura is a genus of leaf-nosed bats from Central and South America.[1] Anoura members lack or have a short tail, and are nectarivorous bats of small to medium size among the Phyllostomidae.[2]
Etymology
The genus Anoura was described in 1838 by British zoologist John Edward Gray. The type species for the genus was the Geoffroy's tailless bat, Anoura geoffroyi.[3] The etymology of the genus name Anoura corresponds to the two ancient greek words ἀν- (an-), expressing the "absence" (this prefix is an alpha privative), and οὐρά (ourá), meaning "animal tail".[4][5] It refers to the tailless character of these bats.
Note that Anoura, the bat genus, should not be confused with neither 'Anura', an order of amphibians, nor 'Anoures', the original spelling of this order.
Description
Anoura species are small, with head and body lengths ranging from 50–90 mm (2.0–3.5 in). Forearm lengths for the genus are 34–48 mm (1.3–1.9 in). They either totally lack tails or have very short tails of 3–7 mm (0.12–0.28 in). They have elongated snouts, as is seen in Glossophaga bat species. Similar again to Glossophaga, these species have tongues with lingual papillae.[6]
Biology
Anoura species consume nectar, pollen, and insects.[6]
Systematics
Anoura aequatoris– While a 2006 morphological study suggested elevating Anoura caudifera aequatoris to species level,[7] this conclusion has been challenged. Some believe that it is not distinct enough to warrant separation from A. caudifera, and that further analysis is needed.[8] A 2008 study challenged that elevating it to a species overstated the amount of diversity within the genus, and that it should remain a subspecies.[9]
Cadena's tailless bat, A. cadenai– The same 2006 study as above split A. cadenai away from A. caudifer.[7] It was challenged by the same 2008 study based on the overall small sample size of the 2006 study, and the small morphological differences between A. caudifer and A. cadenai.[9] A. caudifer has subsequently been considered monotypic by others, disregarding A. cadenai.[10]
Tailed tailless bat, A. caudifer
Handley's tailless bat, A. cultrata
Tube-lipped nectar bat, A. fistulata
Geoffroy's tailless bat, A. geoffroyi
Anoura javieri[2]
Broad-toothed tailless bat, A. latidens
Luis Manuel's tailless bat, A. luismanueli
Anoura peruana
References
Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
Pacheco V, Sánchez-Vendizú P, Solari S (2018). "A new species of Anoura Gray, 1838 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from Peru, with taxonomic and biogeographic comments on species of the Anoura caudifer complex". Acta Chiropterologica. 20 (1): 31–50. doi:10.3161/15081109ACC2018.20.1.002. S2CID 92377619.
Gray, J. E. (1838). "I.—A Revision of the Genera of Bats (Vespertilionidæ), and the Description of some new Genera and Species". Magazine of Zoology and Botany. 2: 490.
Bailly, Anatole (1981-01-01). Abrégé du dictionnaire grec français. Paris: Hachette. ISBN 978-2010035289. OCLC 461974285.
Bailly, Anatole. "Greek-french dictionary online". www.tabularium.be. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
Nowak, Ronald M.; Pillsbury Walker, Ernest (1999). Walker's Mammals of the World. Vol. 1. JHU Press. pp. 373–374. ISBN 9780801857898.
Mantilla-Meluk, H., & Baker, R. J. (2006). Systematics of small Anoura (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from Colombia, with description of a new species. Museum of Texas Tech University.
Calderón-Acevedo, C. A., & Muchhala, N. C. Species limits in the Neotropical Bat Genus Anoura Gray. Group, 40, 50.
Jarrín-V, P., & Kunz, T. H. (2008). Taxonomic history of the genus Anoura (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) with insights into the challenges of morphological species delimitation. Acta Chiropterologica, 10(2), 257-269.
Smith (2012). "Lesser Tailless Bat" (PDF). Mammals of Paraguay. 43. Retrieved May 11, 2017.
External links
"Anoura". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 7 December 2006.
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