Pycnonotus

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Subsectio: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Infraclassis: Aves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Sylvioidea

Familia: Pycnonotidae
Genus: Pycnonotus
Species: P. atriceps – P. aurigaster – P. barbatus – P. bimaculatus – P. blanfordi – P. brunneus – P. cafer – P. capensis – P. cinereifrons – P. conradi – P. cyaniventris – P. dispar – P. dodsoni – P. erythropthalmos – P. eutilotus – P. finlaysoni – P. flavescens – P. flaviventris – P. fuscoflavescens – P. goiavier – P. gularis – P. hualon – P. jocosus – P. leucogenys – P. leucogrammicus - P. leucotis – P. luteolus – P. melanicterus – P. melanoleucos – P. montis – P. nieuwenhuisii – P. nigricans – P. penicillatus – P. plumosus – P. priocephalus – P. simplex – P. sinensis – P. snouckaerti – P. somaliensis – P. squamatus – P. striatus – P. taivanus – P. tricolor – P. tympanistrigus – P. urostictus – P. xantholaemus – P. xanthopygos – P. xanthorrhous – P. zeylanicus

Name

Pycnonotus Boie, 1826
Typus

Turdus capensis Linnaeus, 1776 = Pycnonotus capensis

References

Boie, F. 1826. Generalübersicht der ornithologischen Ordnungen, Familien und Gattungen. Isis, oder Encyclopädische Zeitung von Oken 19: 969–981. BHLReference page. Original citation p.973 BHL

Vernacular names
Deutsch: Bülbül
English: Bulbul
español: Bulbul
français: Bulbul
עברית: בולבול
русский: Бюльбюли

Pycnonotus is a genus of frugivorous passerine birds in the bulbul family Pycnonotidae.

Taxonomy and systematics

The genus Pycnonotus was introduced by the German zoologist Friedrich Boie in 1826 with the Cape bulbul as the type species.[1] The name of the genus combines the Ancient Greek words puknos "thick" or "compact" and -nōtos "-backed".[2]

The genus contains the following 32 species:[3]

Cream-vented bulbul (Pycnonotus simplex)
Olive-winged bulbul (Pycnonotus plumosus)
Asian red-eyed bulbul (Pycnonotus brunneus)
Straw-headed bulbul (Pycnonotus zeylanicus)
Cream-eyed bulbul (Pycnonotus pseudosimplex)
Ashy-fronted bulbul (Pycnonotus cinereifrons)
White-browed bulbul (Pycnonotus luteolus)
Ayeyarwady bulbul (Pycnonotus blanfordi)
Streak-eared bulbul (Pycnonotus conradi)
Stripe-throated bulbul (Pycnonotus finlaysoni)
Flavescent bulbul (Pycnonotus flavescens)
Aceh bulbul (Pycnonotus snouckaerti)
Orange-spotted bulbul (Pycnonotus bimaculatus)
Pale-faced bulbul (Pycnonotus leucops)
Yellow-throated bulbul (Pycnonotus xantholaemus)
Yellow-eared bulbul (Pycnonotus penicillatus)
Brown-breasted bulbul (Pycnonotus xanthorrhous)
Light-vented bulbul (Pycnonotus sinensis)
Styan's bulbul (Pycnonotus taivanus)
Red-whiskered bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus)
Yellow-vented bulbul (Pycnonotus goiavier)
Red-vented bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer)
Sooty-headed bulbul (Pycnonotus aurigaster)
White-eared bulbul (Pycnonotus leucotis)
Himalayan bulbul (Pycnonotus leucogenys)
White-spectacled bulbul (Pycnonotus xanthopygos)
African red-eyed bulbul (Pycnonotus nigricans)
Common bulbul (Pycnonotus barbatus)
Dodson's bulbul (Pycnonotus dodsoni)
Somali bulbul (Pycnonotus somaliensis)
Dark-capped bulbul (Pycnonotus tricolor)
Cape bulbul (Pycnonotus capensis)

Former species

In previous circumscriptions the genus Pycnonotus was considerably larger. Recent taxonomic revisions have seen many species transferred to other genera.

In 2010, eighteen former Pycnonotus species were reclassified into different genera, either directly from Pycnonotus or from the genus Andropadus, to which they had already been transferred by some authorities. These changes were as follows:

one species was transferred to genus Stelgidillas.[4]
Slender-billed greenbul ( former Pycnonotus gracilirostri or Pycnonotus gracilirostris)[5]
twelve species were transferred to genus Arizelocichla:
Shelley's greenbul (former Pycnonotus masukuensis)[6]
Kakamega greenbul (nominate) (former Pycnonotus kakamegae)[7]
Cameroon greenbul (former Pycnonotus montanus, as Arizelocichla montana)[8]
Western greenbul (former Pycnonotus tephrolaemus)[9]
Olive-breasted greenbul (former Pycnonotus tephrolaema)
Mountain greenbul (former Pycnonotus nigriceps)[10]
Uluguru greenbul (former Pycnonotus neumanni)
Black-browed greenbul (former Pycnonotus fusciceps)
Yellow-throated greenbul (former Pycnonotus chlorigula)[11]
Stripe-cheeked greenbul (former Pycnonotus milanjensis)[12]
Olive-headed greenbul (former Pycnonotus olivaceiceps)[13]
Stripe-faced greenbul (former Pycnonotus strifacies)
five species were transferred to genus Eurillas:
Little greenbul (former Pycnonotus virens)[14]
Little grey greenbul (former Pycnonotus gracilis)[15]
Ansorge's greenbul (former Pycnonotus ansorgei)[16]
Plain greenbul (former Pycnonotus curvirostris)[17]
Yellow-whiskered greenbul (former Pycnonotus latirostris)[18]

In 2020, a further 17 species were transferred to other genera:[3][19]

Black-and-white bulbul (former Pycnonotus melanoleucos, moved to the monotypic genus Microtarsus)
Puff-backed bulbul (former Pycnonotus eutilotus, moved to the monotypic genus Eutilotus)
Yellow-wattled bulbul (former Pycnonotus urostictus, moved to monotypic genus Poliolophus)
Two species to genus Alcurus:
Striated bulbul (former Pycnonotus striatus)
Spot-necked bulbul (former Pycnonotus tympanistrigus)
Four species to genus Brachypodius:
Grey-headed bulbul (former Pycnonotus priocephalus)
Black-headed bulbul (former Pycnonotus atriceps, as Brachypodius melanocephalos; the species epithet melanocephalos has priority over atriceps[3])
Andaman bulbul (former Pycnonotus fuscoflavescens)
Blue-wattled bulbul (former Pycnonotus nieuwenhuisii)
Three species to genus Ixodia:
Spectacled bulbul (former Pycnonotus erythropthalmos)
Grey-bellied bulbul (former Pycnonotus cyaniventris)
Scaly-breasted bulbul (former Pycnonotus squamatus)
Five species to genus Rubigula:
Black-crested bulbul (former Pycnonotus flaviventris)
Flame-throated bulbul (former Pycnonotus gularis)
Black-capped bulbul (former Pycnonotus melanicterus)
Ruby-throated bulbul (former Pycnonotus dispar)
Bornean bulbul ('former 'Pycnonotus montis)

Other former Pycnonotus species include:

Sombre greenbul (former Pycnonotus importunus, now Andropadus importunus)[20]
Yellow-throated leaflove (former Haematornis flavicollis or Pycnonotus flavicollis, now Atimastillas flavicollis)[21][22]
Hairy-backed bulbul (former Brachypodius criniger, now Tricholestes criniger)[23]
Bare-faced bulbul (former Pycnonotus hualon, now Nok hualon)[24]

References

Boie, Friedrich (1826). "Generalübersicht". Isis von Oken (in German). 19. Col 973.
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 325. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (eds.). "Family Pycnonotidae". IOC World Bird List. Version 10.2. International Ornithological Congress. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
"Taxonomy Version 2 « IOC World Bird List". www.worldbirdnames.org. Retrieved 2017-04-02.
"Stelgidillas gracilirostris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-07.
"Arizelocichla masukuensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-02.
"Arizelocichla kakamegae kakamegae - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-02.
"Arizelocichla montana - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-03.
"Arizelocichla tephrolaema - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-03.
"Arizelocichla nigriceps nigriceps - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-07.
"Arizelocichla chlorigula - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-06.
"Arizelocichla milanjensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-06.
"Arizelocichla olivaceiceps - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-06.
"Eurillas virens [incl. hallae] - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-07.
"Eurillas gracilis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-09.
"Eurillas ansorgei - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-09.
"Eurillas curvirostris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-09.
"Eurillas latirostris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-10.
Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (eds.). "Taxonomic Updates". IOC World Bird List. International Ornithological Congress. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
"Andropadus importunus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-10.
"Atimastillas flavicollis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-16.
Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum: Passeriformes, or perching birds. Cichlomorphœ: pt. III-IV, containing the ... family Timeliidœ (babbling-thrushes) by R.B. Sharpe. order of the Trustees. 1881-01-01.
"Tricholestes criniger - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-06-02.
Fuchs, Jérôme; Pasquet, Eric; Stuart, Bryan L.; Woxvold, Iain A.; Duckworth, J. W.; Bowie, Rauri C. K. (2018). "Phylogenetic affinities of the enigmatic Bare-faced Bulbul Pycnonotus hualon with description of a new genus". Ibis. 160 (3): 659–665. doi:10.1111/ibi.12580. ISSN 1474-919X.