Pycnonotus aurigaster

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Sylvioidea

Familia: Pycnonotidae
Genus: Pycnonotus
Species: Pycnonotus aurigaster
Subspecies: P. a. aurigaster – P. a. chrysorrhoides – P. a. dolichurus – P. a. germani – P. a. klossi – P. a. latouchei – P. a. resurrectus – P. a. schauenseei – P. a. thais
Name

Pycnonotus aurigaster (Vieillot, 1818)
Synonymy

Turdus aurigaster (protonym)

References

Vieillot, L.P. 1818. Nouveau Dictionnaire d’Histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Par une société de naturalistes et d'agriculteurs. Avec des figures tirées des trois règnes de la nature. Tome 20. 586 pp. + 9 tt. Déterville, Paris. p. 258 BHL Reference page.

Vernacular names
Deutsch: Rußhaubenbülbül
English: Sooty-headed Bulbul
español: Bulbul ventridorado
Bahasa Indonesia: Kutilang
Nederlands: Roetkopbuulbuul
polski: Bilbil złotoplamy
ไทย: นกปรอดหัวสีเขม่า

The sooty-headed bulbul (Pycnonotus aurigaster) is a species of songbird in the Bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is found in south-eastern Asia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
Description

A medium-sized songbird measuring between 18 and 21 centimetres in length with a short crest, the sooty-headed bulbul can be distinguished from the similar red-vented bulbul by its tan front, less extensive area of black on its head and gold-colored vent in certain subspecies. Its call is a series of whistled notes similar in tone to that of the red-whiskered bulbul, but delivered in a more hurried manner.
Taxonomy and systematics

The sooty-headed bulbul was originally described in the genus Turdus. Alternate names for the sooty-headed bulbul include the golden-vented bulbul and several names used for other species (black-capped, red-vented, white-eared and yellow-vented bulbul).
Subspecies

Nine subspecies are recognized:[2]

P. a. chrysorrhoides - (Lafresnaye, 1845): Originally described as a separate species. Found in south-eastern China
P. a. resurrectus - Deignan, 1952: Found in southern China and north-eastern Vietnam
P. a. dolichurus - Deignan, 1949: Found in central Vietnam
P. a. latouchei - Deignan, 1949: Found from eastern Myanmar to southern China and northern Indochina
P. a. klossi - (Gyldenstolpe, 1920): Found in south-eastern Myanmar and northern Thailand
P. a. schauenseei - Delacour, 1943: Found in south-eastern Myanmar and northern Thailand
P. a. thais - (Kloss, 1924): Found in central and southern Thailand, central Laos
P. a. germani - (Oustalet, 1878): Originally described as a separate species in the genus Ixos. Found in eastern Thailand and southern Indochina
P. a. aurigaster - (Vieillot, 1818): Found in Java and Bali

Behavior and ecology

In Hong Kong, the sooty-headed bulbul, whilst not a rarity, is markedly less common than the red-whiskered and light-vented bulbuls. Unlike these two species, it appears to prefer dryland agricultural areas above other habitats, but can also be found in fire-damaged and degraded hill shrubland.[3][4]
Distribution and habitat

The sooty-headed bulbul can be found in Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Burma, southern China, Hong Kong, Macao, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia. In China, the species is mainly limited to the south of the country, corresponding to the extent of the palaeotropical ecoregion, but the species has been recorded as far north as Shanghai in the east and Chengdu in the west. The bird has a disjunct distribution broken into two subpopulations by the Malay Peninsula, where it does not seem to occur between Prachuap Khiri Khan province in Thailand in the north, and Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia in the south.[5]

Pycnonotus aurigaster

References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pycnonotus aurigaster.

BirdLife International (2016). "Pycnonotus aurigaster". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22712699A94343785. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22712699A94343785.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
"Bulbuls « IOC World Bird List". www.worldbirdnames.org. Retrieved 2017-03-25.
Leven, Michael. "Special Feature: FOCUS ON FARMLANDS". Retrieved 17 November 2021.
Chan, Eric. "Space partitioning by two common Bulbuls in Hong Kong". Retrieved 17 November 2021.
"Sooty-headed bulbul". Retrieved 17 November 2021.