Tetragnathidae

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Classis: Arachnida
Ordo: Araneae
Subordo: Opisthothelae
Infraordo: Araneomorphae
Taxon: Neocribellatae
Series: Entelegynae
Superfamilia: Araneoidea

Familia: Tetragnathidae
Subfamiliae: Leucauginae – Metainae – Tetragnathinae
Genera incertae sedis: Allende – Guizygiella – Menosira – Mollemeta – Nanometa – Neoprolochus – Orsinome – Parazilia – Pholcipes – Sancus – Timonoe – Wolongia
Overview of genera

Alcimosphenus – Allende – Antillognatha – Atelidea – Atimiosa – Azilia – Chrysometa – Cyrtognatha – Dianleucauge – Diphya – Dolichognatha – Doryonychus – Dyschiriognatha – Eryciniolia – Glenognatha – Guizygiella – Hispanognatha – Homalometa – Leucauge – Mecynometa – Menosira – Mesida – Meta – Metabus – Metellina – Metleucauge – Mitoscelis – Mollemeta – Nanningia – Nanometa – Neoprolochus – Okileucauge – Opadometa – Opas – Orsinome – Pachygnatha – Parameta – Parazilia – Pholcipes – Pickardinella – Pinkfloydia – Sancus – Schenkeliella – Tetragnatha – Timonoe – Tylorida – Wolongia – Zygiometella – †Anameta – †Balticgnatha – †Baltleucauge – †Corneometa – †Eometa – †Huergina – †Macryphantes – †Palaeometa – †Palaeopachygnatha – †Praetermeta – †Priscometa – †Samlandicmeta – †Theridiometa

Leucauginae - Metainae - Tetragnathinae -

Name

Tetragnathidae Menge, 1866
Synonyms

Pachygnathidae Menge, 1866

References

Menge, A. 1866. Preussische Spinnen. Erste Abtheilung. Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig (N.F.). 1(3–4). BHL Reference page.
Álvarez-Padilla F., 2007. Systematics of the spider genus Metabus O. P.-Cambridge, 1899 (Araneoidea: Tetragnathidae) with additions to the tetragnathid fauna of Chile and comments on the phylogeny of Tetragnathidae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 151: 285–335. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00304.x
Álvarez-Padilla F., Dimitrov D., Giribet G. & Hormiga G., 2009. Phylogenetic relationships of the spider family Tetragnathidae (Araneae, Araneoidea) based on morphological and DNA sequence data. Cladistics, 25: 109–146. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00242.x
Álvarez-Padilla F. & Hormiga G., 2011. Morphological and phylogenetic atlas of the orb-weaving spider family Tetragnathidae (Araneae: Araneoidea). Zoological journal of the Linnean Society, 162 (4): 713–879. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00692.x
Dimitrov, D.; Hormiga, G. 2011: An extraordinary new genus of spiders from Western Australia with an expanded hypothesis on the phylogeny of Tetragnathidae (Araneae). Zoological journal of the Linnean Society 161(4): 735–768. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00662.x Open access. Reference page.
Paquin P., Vink C.J. & Dupérré N., 2010. Spiders of New Zealand: annotated family key & species list. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, New Zealand. ISBN 9780478347050
Wunderlich, J. 2012. New fossil spiders (Araneae) of eight families in Eocene Baltic amber, and revisions of selected taxa. Beiträge zur Araneologie 7: 94–149. Reference page.

Links

Platnick N. I., 2009. The World Spider Catalog, version 9.5. American Museum of Natural History. [1]

Vernacular names
English: Long-jawed orb weaver
日本語: アシナガグモ科
한국어: 갈거미과
中文: 肖蛸科, 長腳蛛科

Long-jawed orb weavers or long jawed spiders (Tetragnathidae) are a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Anton Menge in 1866.[1] They have elongated bodies, legs, and chelicerae, and build small orb webs with an open hub with few, wide-set radii and spirals with no signal line or retreat. Some species are often found in long vegetation near water.[citation needed]
Systematics
Main article: List of Tetragnathidae species
Opadometa fastigata in Kerala
Mating behaviour of Tetragnatha montana

As of March 2021, the World Spider Catalog accepts the following extant genera:[2]

Alcimosphenus Simon, 1895 — Caribbean
Allende Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile, Argentina
Antillognatha Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
Atelidea Simon, 1895 — Sri Lanka
Azilia Keyserling, 1881 — United States, Panama, South America, Caribbean
Chrysometa Simon, 1894 — South America, Central America, Mexico, Caribbean
Cyrtognatha Keyserling, 1881 — South America, Central America, Caribbean, Mexico
Dianleucauge Song & Zhu, 1994 — China
Diphya Nicolet, 1849 — Asia, South America, Africa
Dolichognatha O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 — Asia, Africa, South America, Oceania, United States, Panama
Doryonychus Simon, 1900 — Hawaii
Dyschiriognatha Simon, 1893 — Indonesia, Brazil, Samoa
Glenognatha Simon, 1887 — Africa, South America, Asia, North America, Central America, Caribbean
Guizygiella Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — Asia
Harlanethis Álvarez-Padilla, Kallal & Hormiga, 2020 — Australia (Queensland)
Hispanognatha Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
Homalometa Simon, 1898 — Central America, Cuba, Mexico, Brazil
Iamarra Álvarez-Padilla, Kallal & Hormiga, 2020 — Australia (Queensland)
Leucauge White, 1841 — Africa, North America, Asia, Oceania, South America, Central America, Caribbean
Mecynometa Simon, 1894 — Africa, Guatemala, Brazil
Mesida Kulczyński, 1911 — Oceania, Asia, Africa
Meta C. L. Koch, 1836 — Asia, North America, Tanzania, Oceania, Cuba
Metabus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 — Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Dominican Republic
Metellina Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941 — Africa, Asia, Canada
Metleucauge Levi, 1980 — Asia, United States
Mitoscelis Thorell, 1890 — Indonesia
Mollemeta Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile
Nanningia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997
Nanometa Simon, 1908 — Australia
Neoprolochus Reimoser, 1927 — Indonesia
Okileucauge Tanikawa, 2001 — China, Japan
Opadometa Archer, 1951 — Asia, Papua New Guinea
Opas O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 — South America, Mexico, Panama
Orsinome Thorell, 1890 — Asia, Oceania, Madagascar
Pachygnatha Sundevall, 1823 — Africa, Asia, North America, Cuba, Europe
Parameta Simon, 1895 — Ethiopia, Somalia, Sierra Leone
Parazilia Lessert, 1938 — Congo
Pholcipes Schmidt & Krause, 1993 — Comoros
Pickardinella Archer, 1951 — Mexico
Pinkfloydia Dimitrov & Hormiga, 2011 — Australia
Sancus Tullgren, 1910 — Kenya, Tanzania
Schenkeliella Strand, 1934 — Sri Lanka
Taraire Álvarez-Padilla, Kallal & Hormiga, 2020 — New Zealand
Tawhai Álvarez-Padilla, Kallal & Hormiga, 2020 — New Zealand
Tetragnatha Latreille, 1804 — Asia, South America, Oceania, Africa, North America, Caribbean, Central America, Europe
Timonoe Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar
Tylorida Simon, 1894 — Asia, Africa, Oceania
Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — China
Zhinu Kallal & Hormiga, 2018 — Taiwan, Korea, Japan
Zygiometella Wunderlich, 1995 — Israel

Fossil genera

Several extinct, fossil genera have been described:[3]

†Anameta Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Bitterfield and Baltic amber)
†Balticgnatha Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
†Corneometa Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
†Eometa Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
†Huergnina Selden & Penney, 2003 (Cretaceous, Las Hoyas, Spain)
†Macryphantes Selden, 1990 (Cretaceous)
†Palaeometa Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, Florissant)
†Palaeopachygnatha Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, Florissant)
†Priscometa Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
†Samlandicmeta Wunderlich, 2012 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)

Formerly placed here

Deliochus Simon, 1894 – now in Araneidae
Eryciniolia Strand, 1912 – now a synonym of Nanometa
Menosira Chikuni, 1955 – now a synonym of Metellina
Nediphya Marusik & Omelko, 2017 – now a synonym of Nanometa
Phonognatha Simon, 1894 – now in Araneidae
Prolochus Thorell, 1895 – see Dolichognatha