Araneomorphae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Classis: Arachnida
Ordo: Araneae
Subordo: Opisthothelae
Infraordo: Araneomorphae
Superfamiliae: Agelenoidea – Amaurobioidea – Araneoidea – Archaeoidea – Austrochiloidea – Caponioidea – Corinnoidea – Deinopoidea – Dictynoidea – Dysderoidea – Eresoidea – Filistatoidea – Gnaphosoidea – Hypochiloidea – Leptonetoidea – Lycosoidea – Mimetoidea – Nicodamoidea – Palpimanoidea – Pholcoidea – Salticoidea – Scytodoidea – Segestrioidea – Selenopoidea – Sparassoidea – Tengelloidea – Thomisoidea – Titanoecoidea – Uloboroidea – Zodaroidea – †Pholcochyroceroidea

Overview of families

Extant groups (94): Agelenidae – Amaurobiidae – Ammoxenidae – Amphinectidae – Anapidae – Araneidae – Archaeidae – Austrochilidae – Caponiidae – Chummidae – Cithaeronidae – Clubionidae – Corinnidae – Ctenidae – Cyatholipidae – Cybaeidae – Cycloctenidae – Deinopidae – Desidae – Dictynidae – Diguetidae – Drymusidae – Dysderidae – Eresidae – Filistatidae – Gallieniellidae – †Gigarachnidae – Gnaphosidae – Gradungulidae – Hahniidae – Hersiliidae – Holarchaeidae – Homalonychidae – Huttoniidae – Hypochilidae – Lamponidae – Leptonetidae – Linyphiidae – Liocranidae – Lycosidae – Malkaridae – Mecysmaucheniidae – Mimetidae – Miturgidae – †Mongolarachnidae – Mysmenidae – Nephilidae – Nesticidae – Nicodamidae – Ochyroceratidae – Oecobiidae – Oonopidae – Orsolobidae – Oxyopidae – Palpimanidae – Pararchaeidae – Penestomidae – Periegopidae – Philodromidae – Pholcidae – Phyxelididae – Pimoidae – Pisauridae – Plectreuridae – Prodidomidae – Psechridae – †Pilosarachnidae – Salticidae – Scytodidae – Segestriidae – Selenopidae – Senoculidae – Sicariidae – Sinopimoidae – Sparassidae – Stenochilidae – Stiphidiidae – Symphytognathidae – Synaphridae – Synotaxidae – Telemidae – Tengellidae – Tetrablemmidae – Tetragnathidae – Theridiidae – Theridiosomatidae – Thomisidae – Titanoecidae – Trechaleidae – Trochanteriidae – Trogloraptoridae – Uloboridae – Zodariidae – Zorocratidae – Zoropsidae – †Pholcochyroceridae

Fossil groups
Name

Araneomorphae Smith, 1902
References

Smith, F.P. 1902. The spiders of Epping Forest. Essex Naturalist 12: 181–201. BHL. Reference page.

Links

Araneomorphae – Taxon details on Atlas of Living Australia (ALA).

Vernacular names
français: Aranéomorphes
日本語: フツウクモ下目
Nederlands: Echte spinnen
中文: 新蛛下目

The Araneomorphae (also called the Labidognatha) are an infraorder of spiders. They are distinguishable by chelicerae (fangs) that point diagonally forward and cross in a pinching action, in contrast to the Mygalomorphae (tarantulas and their close kin), where they point straight down. Araneomorphs comprise the vast majority of living spiders.
Distinguishing characteristics

Most spider species are Araneomorphae, which have fangs that face towards each other, increasing the orientations they can employ during prey capture. They have fewer book lungs (when present), and the females typically live one year.

The Mygalomorphae have fangs that face towards the ground, and which are parallel to the long axis of the spider's body, thus they have only one orientation they can employ during prey capture. They have four pairs of book lungs, and the females often live many years.[1]

This Atrax robustus shows the orientation of Myglamorphae fangs.

This Atrax robustus shows the orientation of Myglamorphae fangs.
This Cheiracanthium punctorium shows the orientation of Araneomorphae fangs.

This Cheiracanthium punctorium shows the orientation of Araneomorphae fangs.

Spiders included

Almost all of the familiar spiders are included in the Araneomorphae group, one major exception being the tarantulas. There are a few other Mygalomorphae species that live around homes or gardens, but they typically are relatively small and not easily noticed.

The Araneomorphae, to the contrary, include the weavers of spiral webs; the cobweb spiders that live in the corners of rooms, and between windows and screens; the crab spiders that lurk on the surfaces of flowers in gardens; the jumping spiders that are visible hunting on surfaces; the wolf spiders that carpet hunting sites in sunny spots; and the large huntsman spiders.
Systematics

In older schemes, the Araneomorphae were divided into two lineages, the Hypochilae (containing only the family Hypochilidae), and the Neocribellatae. The Neocribellatae were in turn divided into the Austrochiloidea, and the two series Haplogynae and Entelogynae, each containing several superfamilies. Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that the haplogynes in particular are not a monophyletic group. A 2020 study suggested the relationships among the major groups were as shown in the following cladogram.[2]
Araneomorphae

Hypochilidae

Filistatidae

Synspermiata

Leptonetidae

Austrochiloidea

Palpimanoidea

Entelegynae

Haplogynae

The blue bar to the right shows the former Haplogynae in the sense of Coddington (2005).[3]
Table of families

Key

Genera	1	≥2	≥10	≥100
Species	1–9	≥10	≥100	≥1000

Araneomorphae families^{[notes 1]}

Family	Genera	Species	Common name	Example
Agelenidae	90	1366	araneomorph funnel-web spiders	Hobo spider
Amaurobiidae	50	283	tangled nest spiders	Callobius claustrarius'
Anapidae	58	232
Anyphaenidae	58	614	anyphaenid sac spiders	Yellow ghost spider
Araneidae	184	3097	orb-weaver spiders	Zygiella x-notata
Archaeidae	6	90	pelican spiders	Madagascarchaea gracilicollis
Archoleptonetidae	2	8		Archoleptoneta gertschi
Arkyidae	2	38
Austrochilidae	2	9		Tasmanian cave spider
Caponiidae	20	139		Diploglena capensis
Cheiracanthiidae (syn. Eutichuridae)	14	363		Cheiracanthium mildei
Cithaeronidae	2	9
Clubionidae	19	662	sac spiders	Clubiona trivialis
Corinnidae	73	824	dark sac spiders	Castianeira sp.
Ctenidae	48	532	tropical wolf spiders	Brazilian wandering spiders
Cyatholipidae	23	58
Cybaeidae	21	303
Cycloctenidae	8	80
Deinopidae	3	67	net-casting spiders	Rufous net-casting spider
Desidae	60	296	intertidal spiders	Phryganoporus candidus
Dictynidae	53	475		Nigma walckenaeri
Diguetidae	2	15	coneweb spiders
Drymusidae	2	17	false violin spiders
Dysderidae	25	591	woodlouse hunter spiders	Woodlouse spider
Eresidae	9	102	velvet spiders	Eresus sandaliatus
Filistatidae	19	189	crevice weavers	Southern house spider
Gallieniellidae	5	41
Gnaphosidae (synonym: Ammoxenidae)[notes 2]	145	2430	flat-bellied ground spiders	Drassodes cupreus
Gradungulidae	8	17	large-clawed spiders	Carrai cave spider
Hahniidae	24	353	dwarf sheet spiders
Hersiliidae	16	187	tree trunk spiders	Hersilia savignyi
Homalonychidae	1	2
Huttoniidae	1	1		Huttonia palpimanoides
Hypochilidae	2	33	lampshade spiders	Hypochilus thorelli
Lamponidae	23	192		White-tailed spider
Leptonetidae	22	370		Tooth cave spider
Linyphiidae	624	4724	dwarf / money spiders	Linyphia triangularis
Liocranidae	35	311	liocranid sac spiders
Lycosidae	127	2452	wolf spiders	Lycosa tarantula
Malkaridae	13	57	shield spiders
Mecysmaucheniidae	7	25
Megadictynidae	2	2
Mimetidae	8	159	pirate spiders	Oarces reticulatus
Miturgidae	29	141	long-legged sac spiders
Myrmecicultoridae	1	1
Mysmenidae	14	158	spurred orb-weavers
Nesticidae	18	285	cave cobweb spiders	Nesticella marapu
Nicodamidae	7	27
Ochyroceratidae	10	177	midget ground weavers	Theotima minutissima
Oecobiidae	6	120	disc web spiders	Oecobius navus
Oonopidae	115	1888	dwarf hunting spiders	Oonops domesticus
Orsolobidae	30	188
Oxyopidae	9	443	lynx spiders	Green lynx spider
Pacullidae	4	38
Palpimanidae	21	165	palp-footed spiders
Penestomidae	1	9
Periegopidae	1	3
Philodromidae	30	535	philodromid crab spiders	Philodromus dispar
Pholcidae	97	1893	daddy long-legs spiders	Pholcus phalangioides
Phrurolithidae	20	313
Physoglenidae	13	72
Phyxelididae	14	68
Pimoidae	2	85		Pimoa cthulhu
Pisauridae	51	353	nursery web spiders	Pisaura mirabilis
Plectreuridae	2	31
Prodidomidae	23	192
Psechridae	2	61
Psilodercidae	11	224
Salticidae	665	6433	jumping spiders	Zebra spider
Scytodidae	4	241	spitting spiders	Scytodes thoracica
Segestriidae	5	152	tubeweb spiders	Segestria florentina
Selenopidae	9	262	wall spiders	Selenops radiatus
Senoculidae	1	31
Sicariidae	3	172	recluse spiders	Brown recluse
Sparassidae	95	1337	huntsman spiders	Avondale spider
Stenochilidae	2	13
Stiphidiidae	20	125		Tartarus mullamullangensis
Symphytognathidae	10	98	dwarf orb-weavers	Patu digua
Synaphridae	3	13
Synotaxidae	1	11
Telemidae	16	104	long-legged cave spiders
Tetrablemmidae	27	151	armored spiders
Tetragnathidae	46	982	long jawed orb-weavers	Orchard spider
Theridiidae	125	2538	cobweb spiders	Redback spider
Theridiosomatidae	20	135	ray spiders	Theridiosoma gemmosum
Thomisidae	171	2167	crab spiders	Goldenrod spider
Titanoecidae	5	56		Goeldia obscura
Toxopidae	14	82
Trachelidae	20	263
Trachycosmidae	20	148
Trechaleidae	17	133
Trochanteriidae	6	51
Trogloraptoridae	1	1		Trogloraptor marchingtoni
Udubidae	4	15
Uloboridae	19	291	hackled orb-weavers	Uloborus walckenaerius
Viridasiidae	3	14
Xenoctenidae	4	33
Zodariidae	89	1251	ant spiders	Zodarion germanicum
Zoropsidae	27	182		Zoropsis spinimana

Notes

Unless otherwise shown, currently accepted families and counts based on the World Spider Catalog version 23.5 as of 8 August 2022.[4] In the World Spider Catalog, "species" counts include subspecies. Assignment to sub- and infraorders based on Coddington (2005, p. 20) (when given there).

June 2019 data

References
Citations

"ABOUT SPIDERS". www.publish.csiro.au. Retrieved 2022-01-07.
Magalhaes, Ivan L. F.; Azevedo, Guilherme H. F.; Michalik, Peter; Ramírez, Martín J. (February 2020). "The fossil record of spiders revisited: implications for calibrating trees and evidence for a major faunal turnover since the Mesozoic". Biological Reviews. 95 (1): 184–217. doi:10.1111/brv.12559. ISSN 1464-7931. PMID 31713947. S2CID 207937170.
Coddington, Jonathan A. (2005). "Phylogeny and classification of spiders" (PDF). In Ubick, D.; Paquin, P.; Cushing, P.E. & Roth, V. (eds.). Spiders of North America: an identification manual. American Arachnological Society. pp. 18–24. Retrieved 2015-09-24.
"Currently valid spider genera and species". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2022-08-08. Currently valid spider genera and species