Miridae

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea
Superclassis: Allotriocarida
Classis: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Paraneoptera
Superordo: Condylognatha
Ordo: Hemiptera
Subordo: Heteroptera
Infraordo: Cimicomorpha
Superfamilia: Miroidea

Familia: Miridae
Subfamiliae (8): Bryocorinae - Cylapinae - Deraeocorinae - Isometopinae - Mirinae - Orthotylinae - Phylinae - Psallopinae

Name

Miridae Hahn, 1833:234
Synonyms

Capsidae Burmeister, 1835
References
Primary references

Hahn, C.W. 1833. Die wanzenartigen Insecten. Getreu nach der Natur abgebildet und beschrieben. 1(6): 191–236. Zeh´sche Buchhandlung (Nürnberg). BHL Reference page. [p. 234]
Burmeister, H. 1835. Handbuch der Entomologie 2(1). Schnabelkerfe (Rhynchota).. Gustav Reimer (Berlin), 400 pp. BHL Reference page.

Additional references

Barreto-Triana, N., Ferreira, P.S.F., Osorio-Mejía, P.A. & Ferreira, L.S.F. 2018. Plant bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) associated with pastures in Colombia. Zootaxa 4441(2): 390–400. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4441.2.12 Paywall Reference page.
Chérot, F. 2018. Miscellanea Miridologica V. Taxonomy and chorology of new or little known taxa of Continental New Guinea and neighboring islands (Insecta, Heteroptera, Miridae). Pp 83–95 In: Wheeler, A.G. Jr. (Ed.) 2018. A Festschrift Recognizing Thomas J. Henry for a Lifetime of Contributions to Heteropteran Systematics. Zookeys 796: 1–408. Reference page. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.796.20736 Reference page.
Chérot, F. & Carpintero, D.L. 2016. New and little-known miridae from French Guyana and neighbouring areas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Entomologia Americana 122(1-2): 72–81. DOI: 10.1664/15-RA-044 Reference page.
Ferreira, C.P.; Barreto-Triana, N.; Osorio-Mejía, P.A. 2013: New species of plant bug associated with pastures in Colombia, and notes on the genera Dolichomiris, Cynodonmiris, and Megaloceroea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae). Zootaxa 3709(5): 473–482. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.5 Reference page.
Ghahari, H. & Chérot, F. 2014. An annotated catalog of the Iranian Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha). Zootaxa 3845(1): 1–101. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3845.1.1 Reference page.
Konstantinov, F.V. 2007: Male genitalia in Miridae: structure, terminology and application to phylogenetic inference. Critical comments on Cheng-Shing Lin & Chung-Tu Yang’s ideas (Heteroptera). Zoosystematica Rossica, 16(2): 235–238.
Konstantinov, F.V., Luo, Z. & Vinokurov, N.N. 2013. Two new species, new synonymies, and new records of plant bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) from northwestern China. Zootaxa 3666(2): 203–220. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3666.2.6 Reference page.
Konstantinov, F.V. 2016. New synonymies in the plant bug family Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Northern China. Zootaxa 4205(5): 496–500. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4205.5.10. Reference page.
Konstantinov, F.V.; Vinokurov, N.N. 2011: New species and new records of plant bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) from northwestern China. Zootaxa, 2836: 27–43. Preview
Linnavuori, R.E. 2009: Studies on the Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha, Leptopodomorpha, and Miridae excluding Phylini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Khuzestan and the adjacent provinces of Iran. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 49: 1–32. Abstract
Mu, Y.-R.; Zhang, X.; Liu, G.-Q. 2012: A new species and four new records species of Miridae (Hemiptera, Miridae). Acta zootaxonomica sinica 37(1): 138–143. Abstract and full article (PDF) Reference page.
Roca-Cusachs, M. & Goula, M. 2016. New genus and species of ant-like true bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) from the Canary Islands. Zootaxa 4173(1): 66–74. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4173.1.6. Full article (PDF) Reference page.
Roca-Cusachs, M. & Goula, M. 2016. ADDENDUM to Roca-Cusachs, M. & Goula, M. 2016. New genus and species of ant-like true bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) from the Canary Islands. Zootaxa 4173 (1): 066–074. Zootaxa 4200(2): 320–320. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4200.2.4. Reference page.
Vinokurov, N.N.; Luo, Z. 2014: On plant bugs of conifers in Xinjiang (Western China) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae). Zootaxa 3774(3): 295–300. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3774.3.7 Reference page.
Yasunaga, T.; Schwartz, M.D.; Aukema, B. 2012: Availability and type depository of twelve Japanese plant bug species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae). Zootaxa 3478: 111–112. Preview Reference page.
Yeshwanth, H.M., Chérot, F., Gorczya, J. & Wolski, A. 2016. The Cylapinae (Insecta, Hemiptera, Heteroptera: Miridae) of India: review of the subfamily with description of five new species. Zootaxa 4084(3): 301–347. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4084.3.1.Reference page.

Links

Zicha, Ondřej et al. Miridae Hahn, 1833 – Taxon details on Biological Library (BioLib).
ZooBank
On-line Systematic Catalog of Plant Bugs (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae)

Vernacular names
العربية: ضمجيات
беларуская: Слепнякі
català: Mírids
Deutsch: Weichwanzen, Blindwanzen
English: Capsid bugs, mirid bugs, plant bugs, leaf bugs, grass bugs
فارسی: حشرات علفی
suomi: Kuneluteet, nurmiluteet
français: Miridés
Gaeilge: Fhríd chaipsideach
עברית: רכנפיים
magyar: Mezeipoloska-félék
italiano: Miridi
日本語: カスミカメムシ科
lietuvių: Žolblakės
latviešu: Mīkstblaktis
Nederlands: Blindwantsen, plantenwantsen
norsk: Bladteger
Diné bizaad: Chʼil bichʼosh
polski: Tasznikowate
română: Miridele, capside
русский: Слепняки
svenska: Ängsskinnbaggar, ängsstinkflyn
中文: 盲蝽科, 盲椿象科

The Miridae are a large and diverse insect family at one time known by the taxonomic synonym Capsidae.[1] Species in the family may be referred to as capsid bugs or "mirid bugs". Common names include plant bugs, leaf bugs, and grass bugs. It is the largest family of true bugs belonging to the suborder Heteroptera; it includes over 10,000 known species, and new ones are being described constantly. Most widely known mirids are species that are notorious agricultural pests that pierce plant tissues, feed on the sap, and sometimes transmit viral plant diseases. Some species however, are predatory.
Description
A typical species of Miridae, showing cuneus at the tip of the corion
Wing of a species of Miridae, showing cuneus

Miridae are small, terrestrial insects, usually oval-shaped or elongate and measuring less than 12 millimetres (0.5 in) in length. Many of them have a hunched look, because of the shape of the prothorax, which carries the head bent down. Some are brightly coloured and attractively patterned, others drab or dark, most being inconspicuous. Some genera are ant mimics at certain stages of life. The Miridae do not have any ocelli. Their rostrum has four segments. One useful feature in identifying members of the family is the presence of a cuneus; it is the triangular tip of the corium, the firm, horny part of the forewing, the hemelytron. The cuneus is visible in nearly all Miridae, and only in a few other Hemiptera, notably the family Anthocoridae, which are not much like the Miridae in other ways. The tarsi almost always have three segments.[2]
Some mirid species

Lygus bugs (Lygus spp.), including the tarnished and western tarnished plant bugs, are serious pests in the cotton, strawberry, and alfalfa industries.
Stenotus binotatus, a minor pest of cereal crops, especially wheat
Apple dimpling bug (Campylomma liebknechti) damages apple blossoms and small growing fruits.
Mosquito bugs Helopeltis and Afropeltis spp. – that infest various crops including tea, cacao and cotton
Honeylocust plant bug (Diaphnocoris chlorionis) damages foliage on honeylocust trees.

Creontiades dilutus

Green mirid (Creontiades dilutus) damages many types of field crops.
Potato capsid (Closterotomus norwegicus) is a noted pest of potato and clover plants in New Zealand.
Deraeocoris nebulosus prefers other insects to plants in its diet, and has been used as a biocontrol agent against mites and scale insects.[citation needed]
Dicyphus hesperus sucks sap from various plants and preys on whitefly and red spider mites and can be used in biological pest control.[3]

Systematics

This family includes a large number of species, many of which are still unknown, distributed in more than 1300 genera. The taxonomic tree includes the following subfamilies and numerous tribes:

Bryocorinae
Bryocorini
Dicyphini
Eccritotarsini
Cylapinae
Cylapini
Fulviini
Deraeocorinae[4]
Clivinematini
Deraeocorini
Hyaliodini
Saturniomirini
Surinamellini
Termatophylini
Isometopinae
Diphlebini
Isometopini
Mirinae
Herdoniini
Hyalopeplini
Mirini
Pithanini
Restheniini
Stenodemini

Globiceps sp. - oviposition (Orthotylini)

Orthotylinae
Ceratocapsini
Halticini
Orthotylini
Phylinae
Hallodapini
Leucophoropterini
Phylini
Pilophorini

Psallopinae

Auth.: Schuh, 1976

Isometopsallops Herczek & Popov, 1992
Psallops Usinger, 1946
†Cylapopsallops Popov & Herczek, 2006
†Epigonopsallops Herczek & Popov, 2009

Genera Incertae sedis

BioLib includes:

Amulacoris Carvalho & China, 1959
Anniessa Kirkaldy, 1903
Auchus Distant, 1893
Bahiarmiris Carvalho, 1977
Brasiliocarnus Kerzhner & Schuh, 1995
Carmelinus Carvalho & Gomes, 1972
Carmelus Drake & Harris, 1932
Chaetophylidea Knight, 1968
Charitides Kerzhner, 1962
Colimacoris Schaffner & Carvalho, 1985
Cylapocerus Carvalho & Fontes, 1968
Duckecylapus Carvalho, 1982
Englemania Carvalho, 1985
Eurycipitia Reuter, 1905
Faliscomiris Kerzhner & Schuh, 1998
Fuscus Distant, 1884
Guerrerocoris Carvalho & China, 1959
Gunhadya - monotypic Gunhadya rubrofasciata Distant, 1920
Heterocoris Guérin-Ménéville in Sagra, 1857
Knightocoris Carvalho & China, 1951
Leonomiris Kerzhner & Schuh, 1998
Macrotyloides Van Duzee, 1916
Merinocapsus Knight, 1968
Mircarvalhoia Kerzhner & Schuh, 1998
Montagneria Akingbohungbe, 1978
Muirmiris Carvalho, 1983
Myochroocoris Reuter, 1909
Nesosylphas Kirkaldy, 1908
Notolobus Reuter, 1908
Nymannus Distant, 1904
Paracoriscus Kerzhner & Schuh, 1998
Paraguayna Carvalho, 1986
Prodomopsis TBD
Prodomus TBD
Pseudobryocoris Distant, 1884
Pygophorisca Carvalho & Wallerstein, 1978
Rayeria TBD
Rewafulvia Carvalho, 1972
Rhynacloa Reuter
Rondonisca Carvalho & Costa, 1994
Rondonoides Carvalho & Costa, 1994
Rondonotylus Carvalho & Costa, 1994
Spanogonicus Berg
Sthenaridia TBD
Zoilus Distant, 1884

References

Henry, T. J. and A. G. Wheeler, Jr., 1988A. Family Miridae Hahn, 1833 (= Capsidae Burmeister, 1835). The plant bugs, pp. 251--507. In: Henry, T. J. and R. C. Froeschner (eds.), Catalog of the Heteroptera, or True Bugs of Canada and the Continental United States. E. J. Brill, Leiden.
Richards, O. W.; Davies, R.G. (1977). Imms' General Textbook of Entomology: Volume 1: Structure, Physiology and Development Volume 2: Classification and Biology. Berlin: Springer. ISBN 0-412-61390-5.
McGregor, Robert R.; Gillespie, David R.; Quiring, Donald M.J.; Foisy, Mitch R.J. (1999). "Potential Use of Dicyphus hesperus Knight (Heteroptera: Miridae) for Biological Control of Pests of Greenhouse Tomatoes". Biological Control. 16 (1): 104–110. doi:10.1006/bcon.1999.0743.

Junggon, Kim; Hong, Ki Min; Woon, Kee Paek; Sunghoon, Jung (2017). "Two new records of the subfamily Deraeocorinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) from the Korean Peninsula". Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity. 10 (3). doi:10.1016/j.japb.2017.05.001.