Fulgoridae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Paraneoptera
Superordo: Condylognatha
Ordo: Hemiptera
Subordo: Auchenorrhyncha
Infraorder: Fulgoromorpha
Superfamilia: Fulgoroidea

Familia: Fulgoridae
Subfamiliae (11): Amyclinae – Aphaeninae – Dichopterinae – Enchophorinae – Fulgorinae – Lyncidinae – Phenacinae – Poiocerinae – Strongylodematinae – Xosopharinae – Zanninae

Genera unassignd (16): Amdewana – Amerzanna – Antsalovasia – Auchalea – Brasiliana – Caldania – Capenariana – Flatolystra – Fulgoricesa – Kutariana – Neocynthus – Pyrgoteles – Sinuala – Stalubra – Talloisia – Ulubra
Overview of genera

Abrahameria – Aburia – Acmonia – Acraephia – Alaruasa – Alcathous – Aliphera – Alphina – Amantia – Amdewana – Amerzanna – Amycle – Anecphora – Antsalovasia – Aphaena – Aphaenina – Aphrodisias – Aracynthus – Artacie – Auchalea – Belbina – Benamatapa – Birdantis – Brasiliana – Caldania – Calmar – Calyptoproctus – Capenariana – Cathedra – Cerogenes – Chilobia – Coelodictya – Copidocephala – Coptopola – Cornelia – Crepusia – Curetia – Cyrpoptus – Datua – Desudaba – Desudaboides – Diareusa – Dichoptera – Dilobura – Dorysarthrus – Druentia – Echetra – Eddara – Enchophora – Enhydria – Eningia – Episcius – Erilla – Eurinopsyche – Flatolystra – Florichisme – Fulgora – Fulgoricesa – Galela – Gebenna – Hariola (Stål) – Holodictya – Hypaepa – Hypselometopum – Itzalana – Jamaicastes – Japetus – Kalidasa – Kutariana – Learcha – Limois – Lycorma – Lystra – Lystrenia – Malfeytia – Mamatola – Mantosyna – Matacosa – Menenia – Metaphaena – Myrilla – Neoalcathous – Neocynthus – Nisax – Novodictya – Obia – Odontoptera – Oeagra – Omalocephala – Ombro – Oomima – Paralystra – Pelidnopepla – Penthicodes – Phenax – Phrictus – Pibrocha – Poblicia – Poiocera – Polydictya – Prolepta – Pseudodictya – Pterodictya – Pyrgoteles – Pyrops – Radamana – Rentinus – Rhabdocephala – Rhicnophloea – Ruehlella – Saiva – Samsama – Saramel – Scamandra – Scaralis – Sclerodepsa – Scolopsella – Sinuala – Stalubra – Tabocasa – Talloisia – Tomintus – Ulasia – Ulubra – Villala – Xosophara – Zanna – Zepasa – Zeunasa
Name

Fulgoridae Latreille, 1820
References

Latreille, P.A. 1807. Sectio secunda. Familia quarta. Cicadariae. Cicadaires. Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum secundum ordinem naturalem in familias disposita, iconibus exemplisque plurimis explicata 3: 1–258.
Audibert, C. & Porion, T. 2016. Une remarquable nouvelle espèce du Guatemala: Enhydria monzoni n. sp. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae). Faunitaxys 4(1): 1-5. PDF. Reference page.
Julie M. Urban & Jason R. Cryan 2009. Entomologically famous, evolutionarily unexplored: the first phylogeny of the lanternfly family Fulgoridae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea). Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 50(3): 471–484. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.12.004
Constant, J. 2010. A new species of Polydictya from Lombok (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie (n.s.) 56(2): 155–162. PDF.
Fennah, R.G. 1977. New species and new records of Fulgoridae (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea) from New Guinea. Pacific Insects 17(4): 373–403. Full article (PDF). Reference page.
Liang, A-P. 2017. Zanna robusticephalica sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae) from China, with comments on some ultrastructural characters of the new species. Zootaxa 4338(2): 363–371. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4338.2.10. Reference page.

Vernacular names
English: lanternflies

The family Fulgoridae is a large group of hemipteran insects, especially abundant and diverse in the tropics, containing over 125 genera worldwide. They are mostly of moderate to large size, many with a superficial resemblance to Lepidoptera due to their brilliant and varied coloration. Various genera and species (especially the genera Fulgora and Pyrops) are sometimes referred to as lanternflies or lanthorn flies, though they do not emit light.

The head of some species is produced into a hollow process (structure), resembling a snout, which is sometimes inflated and nearly as large as the body of the insect, sometimes elongated, narrow and apically upturned. It was believed, mainly on the authority of Maria Sibylla Merian, that this process, the so-called lantern, was luminous at night in the living insect. Carl Linnaeus adopted the statement without question and coined a number of specific names, such as laternaria, phosphorea and candelaria to illustrate the supposed fact, and thus propagated the myth.

Taxonomy

Metcalf in 1938,[1] as amended in 1947,[2] recognized five subfamilies (Amyclinae, Aphaeninae, Fulgorinae, Phenacinae, and Poiocerinae) and twelve tribes in the Fulgoridae. By 1963 Lallemand had divided the Fulgoridae into eight subfamilies (Amyclinae, Aphaeninae, Enchophorinae, Fulgorinae, Phenacinae, Poiocerinae, Xosopharinae and Zanninae) and eleven tribes.[3] This classification was generally accepted.[4][5]

However, in 2008 Julie Urban's molecular analysis in her dissertation[6] showed that a significant revamping of the Fulgoridae subfamilies and tribes would be necessary, as the morphological analysis by itself did not take into account the complexity of the Fulgoridae evolution. Her work was recapitulated in 2009 with Jason Cryan.[5] The Zanninae may not even be in the Fulgoridae.[5]
Subfamilies and Selected Genera
Alcathous fecialis (India)
Kalidasa sp.
Dichoptera hyalinata (India)
Fulgora sp.
Polydictya uniformis
Auchalea pandora (Peru)

The NCBI[7] and the Hemiptera Database currently include to the following sub-families and genera (lists complete if subfamily not linked):

Amyclinae (central Americas, Africa, Australia)
tribe Amyclini Metcalf, 1938 (central Americas, Africa)
Alcathous Stål, 1863
Amycle Stål, 1861
Druentia Stål, 1866
Rhabdocephala Van Duzee, 1929
Scolopsella Ball, 1905
tribe Xosopharini Metcalf, 1947 (Africa, Australia)
Eningia Walker, 1858
Eurinopsyche Kirkaldy, 1906
Mantosyna Stål, 1869
Rentinus Metcalf, 1947
Xosophara Kirkaldy, 1904
Aphaeninae
Aphaena Guérin-Méneville, 1834[8] (India, China Indo-China)
Kalidasa (Indo-China)
Lycorma (Indo-China)
Neolieftinckana Lallemand, 1963 (PNG)
Omalocephala Spinola, 1839[9]
Penthicodes (Indo-China)
Scamandra Stål, 1863 (Malesia)
Dichopterinae Melichar, 1912
tribe Cladodipterini Metcalf, 1938 (south America)
Cladodiptera Spinola, 1839
Diacira Walker, 1858
Sclerodepsa Emeljanov, 2011
tribe Dichopterini Melichar, 1912
Dichoptera Spinola, 1839 (type genus - Asia)
†Wedelphus Szwedo & Wappler, 2006
tribe Dorysarthrini Emeljanov, 1979 (Africa to Asia)
Dorysarthrus Puton, 1895
Pibrocha Kirkaldy, 1902
tribe Protachilini Emeljanov, 2013
Protachilus Fennah, 1944
Fulgorinae
Aphrodisias Kirkaldy, 1906[10] (Central America)
Cathedra Kirkaldy, 1903 (monotypic, S. America)
Fulgora Linné, 1767 (tropical Americas)
Odontoptera Carreno, 1841 (tropical Americas)
Pyrops Spinola, 1839 (tropical Asia)
Saiva Distant, 1906 (India, Indo-China, Malesia)
Zanna Kirkaldy, 1902 (Africa, Asia)
Lyncidinae Schmidt, 1915 (southern Africa)
Lyncides Stål, 1866
Risius Stål, 1859
Phenacinae (central and south America)
Cerogenes Horváth, 1909
Menenia Stål, 1866
Phenax Germar, 1833
Pterodictya Burmeister, 1835
Poiocerinae
Alphina Stål, 1863
Calyptoproctus Spinola, 1839 (Americas)
Cyrpoptus Stål, 1862
Lystra Fabricius, 1803 (central & southern America)
Poblicia Stål, 1866 (N. America)
Polydictya Guérin-Méneville, 1844 (south-east Asia:[11] Indo-China, Malesia)
Poiocera De Laporte, 1832
Scaralis Stål, 1863
Strongylodematinae Fennah, 1962 (southern Africa)
Capocles Emeljanov, 2004
Capenopsis Melichar, 1912
Codon Fennah, 1962
Strongylodemas Stål, 1853
Tecmar Fennah, 1962
Fulgoridae incertae sedis
Amdewana Nast, 1951 (neotropical)
Amerzanna O'Brien, 1991
Flatolystra Nast, 1950 (south America)
Fulgoricesa Koçak & Kemal, 2010 (synonym: Weyrauchia)
Neocynthus Nast, 1950 (South America)
Pyrgoteles Gerstaecker, 1873 (Africa)
Stalubra O'Brien, 1991 (south America)

Notes:

Laternaria is a nomen nudum of Pyrops
Pyrilla Stål, 1859 is now placed in the Lophopidae
The type species of genus Apossoda, A. togoensis Schmidt, 1911 is now placed as Pyrgoteles togoensis (Schmidt, 1911)[12]

References

Metcalf, Zeno Payne (1938). "The Fulgorina of Barro Colorado and other parts of Panama". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 82 (5): 277–423.
Metcalf, Zeno Payne (1947). "Fulgoridae". General catalogue of the Hemiptera, Fascicle IV Fulgoroidea, Part 9. Northampton, Massachusetts: Smith College.
Lallemand, Victor (1963). "Revision des Fulgoridae (Homoptera). Deuxième Partie. Faunes Asiatique et Australienne". Mémoires de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. 2nd series. 75: 1–99. and the material there cited.
Liang, Ai-Ping (1995). "Taxonomic changes in oriental Fulgoroidea (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)". Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 103 (2): 162–164. JSTOR 25010151.
Urban, Julie M.; Cryan, Jason R. (2009). "Entomologically famous, evolutionarily unexplored: the first phylogeny of the lanternfly family Fulgoridae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea)". Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 50 (3): 471–484. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.12.004. PMID 19118634.
Urban, Julie M. (2008). A Phylogenetic Investigation of the Planthopper Superfamily Fulgoroidea (Insecta: Hemiptera) with Emphasis on the Family Fulgoridae (Ph.D. thesis). Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany.
NCBI Taxonomy browser: Fulgoridae (retrieved 14 November 2017)
FLOW: Aphaena
[1] Hemiptera Databases FLOW: Omalocephala (retrieved 14/11/2017)
[2] Hemiptera Databases FLOW: Aphrodisias (retrieved 20/11/2017)
Constant J (2010) A new species of Polydictya from Lombok (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie 56 (2): 155–162.

Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (retrieved 26 June 2018)

Sources

T. Porion, 1994 - Fulgoridae 1. Illustrated Catalogue of the American Fauna Archived 2017-10-18 at the Wayback Machine, Sciences Nat, Venette, 72 pages, 14 plates in colours
T. Porion & P. Bleuzen, 2004 - Fulgoridae 1. Supplement 1. New Neotropical Fulgoridae Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine, Hillside Books, Canterbury, 22 pages, 4 plates in colours
T. Porion & S. Nagai, 1996 - Fulgoridae 2. Illustrated Catalogue of the Asian and Australian Fauna Archived 2012-03-17 at the Wayback Machine, Sciences Nat, Venette, 80 p., 20 plates in colours (Suppl. 1 Archived 2012-03-17 at the Wayback Machine, Suppl. 2 Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine)