Condylognatha

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Paraneoptera
Superordo: Condylognatha
Ordines: Thysanoptera - Hemiptera
[list of ordines after Grimaldi & Engel (2005: 147, table 4.1)]
Name

Condylognatha
References

Grimaldi, D.; Engel, M.S. 2005: Evolution of the insects. Cambridge University Press, New York, USA. limited preview on Google books
Yoshizawa, K.; Saigusa, T. 2001: Phylogenetic analysis of paraneopteran orders (Insecta: Neoptera) based on forewing base structure, with comments on monophyly of Auchenorrhyncha (Hemiptera). Systematic entomology, 26: 1–13.

Vernacular names
日本語: 有吻上目 (ゆうふんじょうもく)

Condylognatha is a monophyletic grouping (superorder)[2] that contains Hemiptera (true bugs) and Thysanoptera (thrips). Condylognatha belongs to Paraneoptera, which include its sister group, lice (Psocodea).[3][4]

Taxonomy

Hemiptera and Thysanoptera are both the sister-groups based on morphological characters, and jointly known as Condylognatha.[5]
Hemiptera
Main article: Hemiptera

Hemiptera /hɛˈmɪptərə/ is an order of insects most often known as the true bugs (cf. bug), comprising around 50,000–80,000 species of cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, shield bugs, bed bugs and others. They range in size from 1 millimetre (0.039 in) to around 15 centimetres (5.9 in), and share a common arrangement of sucking mouthparts.
Thrips
Main article: thrips

Order Thysanoptera includes 5,500 species classified into two suborders distinguished by the ovipositor. Terebrantia have a well-developed conical ovipositor, while the Tubulifera do not. Instead the abdomen is drawn out in the shape of a tube. These insects are called thrips.
Phylogeny

Condylognatha

Thysanoptera (thrips)   Hemiptera (true bugs)   Sternorrhyncha (aphids)       Heteroptera (shield bugs, assassin bugs, etc)       Coleorrhyncha (moss bugs)   Auchenorrhyncha   Fulgoromorpha (planthoppers)     Cicadomorpha (cicadas, leafhoppers, spittlebugs, etc)

 
References

Truman, James W.; Riddiford, Lynn M. (2019). "The evolution of insect metamorphosis: A developmental and endocrine view". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 374 (1783). doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0070. PMC 6711285. PMID 31438820.
Grimaldi, David; Engel, Michael S.; Engel, Michael S.; Engel, Senior Curator and Professor Michael S. (May 16, 2005). Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521821490 – via Google Books.
Johnson, Kevin P.; Dietrich, Christopher H.; Friedrich, Frank; Beutel, Rolf G.; Wipfler, Benjamin; Peters, Ralph S.; Allen, Julie M.; Petersen, Malte; Donath, Alexander; Walden, Kimberly K. O.; Kozlov, Alexey M.; Podsiadlowski, Lars; Mayer, Christoph; Meusemann, Karen; Vasilikopoulos, Alexandros; Waterhouse, Robert M.; Cameron, Stephen L.; Weirauch, Christiane; Swanson, Daniel R.; Percy, Diana M.; Hardy, Nate B.; Terry, Irene; Liu, Shanlin; Zhou, Xin; Misof, Bernhard; Robertson, Hugh M.; Yoshizawa, Kazunori (December 11, 2018). "Phylogenomics and the evolution of hemipteroid insects". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (50): 12775–12780. doi:10.1073/pnas.1815820115. PMC 6294958. PMID 30478043.
Johnson, Kevin P.; Dietrich, Christopher H.; Friedrich, Frank; Beutel, Rolf G.; Wipfler, Benjamin; Peters, Ralph S.; Allen, Julie M.; Petersen, Malte; Donath, Alexander; Walden, Kimberly K. O.; Kozlov, Alexey M.; Podsiadlowski, Lars; Mayer, Christoph; Meusemann, Karen; Vasilikopoulos, Alexandros; Waterhouse, Robert M.; Cameron, Stephen L.; Weirauch, Christiane; Swanson, Daniel R.; Percy, Diana M.; Hardy, Nate B.; Terry, Irene; Liu, Shanlin; Zhou, Xin; Misof, Bernhard; Robertson, Hugh M.; Yoshizawa, Kazunori (December 11, 2018). "Phylogenomics and the evolution of hemipteroid insects". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (50): 12775–12780. doi:10.1073/pnas.1815820115. PMC 6294958. PMID 30478043.
Li, Hu; Shao, Renfu; Song, Nan; Song, Fan; Jiang, Pei; Li, Zhihong; Cai, Wanzhi (February 23, 2015). "Higher-level phylogeny of paraneopteran insects inferred from mitochondrial genome sequences". Scientific Reports. 5 (1): 8527. Bibcode:2015NatSR...5E8527L. doi:10.1038/srep08527. PMC 4336943. PMID 25704094.