Choristoneura

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Superfamilia: Tortricoidea

Familia: Tortricidae
Subfamilia: Tortricinae
Tribus: Archipini
Genus: Choristoneura
Species: C. adumbratanus – C. africana – C. albaniana – C. argentifasciata – C. biennis – C. bracatana – C. carnana – C. chapana – C. colyma – C. conflictana – C. deuteros – C. diversana – C. evanidana – C. expansiva – C. ferrugininotata – C. fractivittana – C. freemani – C. fumiferana – C. griseicoma – C. hebenstreitella – C. heliaspis – C. holovera – C. improvisana – C. irina – C. jecorana – C. jezoensis – C. lafauryana – C. lambertiana – C. longicellanus – C. luticostana – C. metasequoiacola – C. murinana – C. neurophaea – C. nowakiana – C. obsoletana – C. occidentalis – C. oluduana – C. orae – C. palladinoi – C. parallela – C. pinus – C. propensa – C. prostheca – C. psoricodes – C. quadratica – C. retiniana – C. rosaceana – C. saotome – C. simonyi – C. spaldingana – C. thyrsifera – C. zapulata
Name

Choristoneura Lederer, 1859

Type species: Tortrix diversana Hübner, [1814-1817]
Synonyms

Cornicacoecia Obraztsov, 1954, Tijdschr. Ent. 97: 173.
Type species: Tortrix lafauryana Ragonot, 1875
Hoshinoa Kawabe, 1965, Trans. lepid. Soc. Japan 16: 30.
Type species: Archips longicellanus Walsingham, 1900

References

Lederer, 1859, Wien. ent. Monatschr. 3: 426.
Brown, J.W., 2005: World catalogue of insects volume 5 Tortricidae.
Kawabe, A., 1965: A revision of the genus Archips from Japan. Tyô to Ga 16 (1/2): 13–40. Abstract and Full article: [1].
Liu Y.-q., 1983: A new species of Choristoneura injurious to Metasequoia in Hubei province (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Entomotaxonomia, 5(4): 289–291.
Nedoshivina, S.V., 2007: On the type specimens of the Tortricidae described by Eduard Friedrich Eversmann from the Volgo-Ural Region. Nota Lepidopterologica, 30'(1): 93–114.
Razowski, J. 2002. The genera of Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) common for the Palaearctic and Afrotropical regions. Acta zoologica cracoviensia 45(3): 197–205. full article (PDF). Reference page.
Razowski, J, 2008: Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from South Africa. 6: Choristoneura Hübner and Procrica Diakonoff. Polish Journal of Entomology, 77(3): 245–254.
Razowski, J. 2014. Tortricidae from the Tervuren Museum, 5: Aerchipini (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae). SHILAP revista de lepidopterologia 42(167): 449–479. Full article (PDF). Reference page.
Razowski, J. & M. Krüger, 2013: An illustrated catalogue of the specimens of Tortricidae in the Iziko South African Museum, Cape Town (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Shilap Revista de Lepidopterologia 41(162): 213–240.
Razowski, J. & P. Trematerra, 2010: Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from Ethiopia. Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research Serie II, 42(2): 47–79.
Razowski, J. & Wojtusiak, J., 2014: Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) of the Afrotropical Fauna: Accession 1. Polish Journal of Entomology, 83(3): 207–218.

Vernacular names
English: Spruce Budworm

Choristoneura is a genus of moths in the family Tortricidae. Several species are serious pests of conifers, such as spruce and are known as spruce budworms.

Species
Western spruce budworm (Choristoneura freemani) attacking Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) on Blewett Pass in Washington State

Choristoneura adumbratanus (Walsingham, 1900)
Choristoneura africana Razowski, 2002
Choristoneura albaniana (Walker, 1863)
Choristoneura argentifasciata Heppner, 1989
Choristoneura biennis Freeman, 1967
Choristoneura bracatana (Rebel, in Rebel & Rogenhofer, 1894)
Choristoneura carnana (Barnes & Busck, 1920)
Choristoneura chapana Razowski, 2008
Choristoneura colyma Razowski, 2006
Choristoneura conflictana (Walker, 1863)
Choristoneura diversana (Hubner, [1814-1817])
Choristoneura evanidana (Kennel, 1901)
Choristoneura expansiva X.P.Wang & G.J.Yang, 2008
Choristoneura ferrugininotata Obraztsov, 1968
Choristoneura fractivittana (Clemens, 1865)
Choristoneura freemani Razowski, 2008, western spruce budworm
Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens, 1865), eastern spruce budworm
Choristoneura griseicoma (Meyrick, 1924)
Choristoneura hebenstreitella (Muller, 1764), mountain-ash tortricid
Choristoneura heliaspis (Meyrick, 1909)
Choristoneura improvisana (Kuznetsov, 1973)
Choristoneura irina Syachina & Budashkin, 2007
Choristoneura jecorana (Kennel, 1899)
Choristoneura jezoensis Yasuda & Suzuki, 1987
Choristoneura lafauryana (Ragonot, 1875)
Choristoneura lambertiana (Busck, 1915)
Choristoneura longicellanus (Walsingham, 1900)
Choristoneura luticostana (Christoph, 1888)
Choristoneura metasequoiacola Liu, 1983
Choristoneura murinana (Hubner, [1796-1799])
Choristoneura neurophaea (Meyrick, 1932)
Choristoneura obsoletana (Walker, 1863)
Choristoneura occidentalis (Walsingham, 1891)
Choristoneura orae Freeman, 1967
Choristoneura palladinoi Razowski & Trematerra, 2010
Choristoneura parallela (Robinson, 1869)
Choristoneura pinus Freeman, 1953, jack pine budworm
Choristoneura propensa Razowski, 1992
Choristoneura psoricodes (Meyrick, 1911)
Choristoneura quadratica Diakonoff, 1955
Choristoneura retiniana (Walsingham, 1879)
Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris, 1841)
Choristoneura simonyi (Rebel, 1892)
Choristoneura spaldingana Obraztsov, 1962
Choristoneura thyrsifera Razowski, 1984
Choristoneura zapulata (Robinson, 1869)

References
Bibliography
Brown, J.W., 2005: World Catalogue of Insects volume 5 Tortricidae.
Ginzburg, L.R.; Taneyhill, D.E. (1994). "Population cycles of forest Lepidoptera: a maternal effect hypothesis" (PDF). Journal of Animal Ecology. 63 (1): 79–92. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.461.6229. doi:10.2307/5585. JSTOR 5585.
Hudak, J. (1991). "Integrated pest management and the eastern spruce budworm". Forest Ecology and Management. 39: 313. doi:10.1016/0378-1127(91)90188-2.
Kawabe, A., 1965: A revision of the genus Archips from Japan. Tyô to Ga 16 (1/2): 13-40. Abstract and Full article: [1].
Patrick M. A. James; Louis‐Etienne Robert; B. Mike Wotton; David L. Martell; Richard A. Fleming (2017). "Lagged cumulative spruce budworm defoliation affects the risk of fire ignition in Ontario, Canada". Ecological Applications. 27 (2): 532–544. doi:10.1002/eap.1463. PMID 27809401.
Lederer, 1859, Wien. ent. Monatschr. 3: 426.
Liu Y.-q., 1983: A new species of Choristoneura injurious to Metasequoia in Hubei province (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Entomotaxonomia 5 (4): 289-291. Full article: [2].
William J. Mattson; Gary A. Simmons; John A. Witter (1988), Dynamics of Forest Insect Populations, Dynamics of Forest Insect Populations, Springer, pp. 309–330, doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0789-9_16, ISBN 978-1-4899-0791-2
Neilson, M.M. (1963). "Disease and the spruce budworm". Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada. 95 (31): 272–287. doi:10.4039/entm9531272-1.
Nedoshivina, S.V., 2007: On the type specimens of the Tortricidae described by Eduard Friedrich Eversmann from the Volgo-Ural Region. Nota Lepidopterologica, 30 (1): 93-114. Full article: [3].
Julia Rauchfuss; Susy Svatek Ziegler (2011). "The Geography of Spruce Budworm in Eastern North America". Geography Compass. 5 (8): 564–580. doi:10.1111/j.1749-8198.2011.00441.x.
Razowski, J, 2008: Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from South Africa. 6: Choristoneura Hübner and Procrica Diakonoff. Polish Journal of Entomology 77 (3): 245-254. [4].
Razowski, J. & M. Krüger, 2013: An illustrated catalogue of the specimens of Tortricidae in the Iziko South African Museum, Cape Town (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Shilap Revista de Lepidopterologia 41 (162): 213-240.
Razowski, J. & P. Trematerra, 2010: Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from Ethiopia Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research Serie II, 42 (2): 47-79. Abstract: [5].
T. Royama (1984). "Population Dynamics of the Spruce Budworm Choristoneura Fumiferana". Ecological Monographs. 54 (4): 429–462. doi:10.2307/1942595. JSTOR 1942595. S2CID 52209394.
Daniel T Jennings; Hewlette S Crawford, Jr (1985). Spruce Budworms Handbook: Predators of the Spruce Budworm. Agriculture Handbook. USDA.
Martha H. Brookes; Robert W. Campbell; J. J. Colbert; Russel G. Mitchell; R. W. Stark (1987). Western Spruce Budworm. Technical Bulletin No. 1694; Canada/United States Spruce Budworms Program-West. USDA.